Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Verb: Present Tense, Mood, and Aspects

Objectives

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to ensure that students clearly understand the objectives of the lesson, allowing them to focus on the specific skills that will be developed. By understanding the objectives, students will be more aligned with the content to be learned, facilitating the assimilation of the characteristics of verb tenses and moods in the present.

Main Objectives

1. Recognize and differentiate verb tenses in the present.

2. Identify the indicative, subjunctive, and imperative moods in the present tense.

3. Correctly apply verbs in the present tense in different contexts.

Introduction

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to spark students' interest in the topic by contextualizing the importance of verbs and their conjugation in the present tense. By doing this, students will be more engaged and prepared to absorb the content that will be presented, understanding that the correct conjugation of verbs is essential for clear and effective communication.

Context

Start the lesson by explaining to students that verbs are essential words in our daily communication, as they indicate actions, states, changes of state, and natural phenomena. To understand well what is happening, it is crucial to know when the action occurs. Today, we will focus on when these actions happen in the present, as in the case of someone saying 'I study every day.' The way verbs are conjugated in the present helps us understand if the action is happening now, is a habit, or is a characteristic.

Curiosities

Did you know that one of the first verbs we learn to use correctly in the present is the verb 'to be'? This happens because it is fundamental for expressing who we are and describing the world around us. Moreover, the verb 'to be' in the present is one of the most used in different contexts, from personal introductions to descriptions of objects and places.

Development

Duration: 40 to 45 minutes

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to deepen students' knowledge of the tenses, moods, and aspects of verbs in the present. By detailing each of these elements and providing clear examples, students will be able to recognize and correctly apply verbs in different contexts. Additionally, the proposed questions allow them to practice and consolidate their learning, ensuring a complete understanding of the topic.

Covered Topics

1. Present Tense: Explain that the present tense indicates actions that happen at the moment of speaking. Provide examples such as 'I am studying now' and 'They play soccer.' Reinforce that the present can indicate habitual and permanent actions. 2. Indicative Mood: Detail that the indicative mood is used to express real and concrete actions. Give examples like 'I study every day' and 'We live here.' Emphasize the certainty and objectivity of this mood. 3. Subjunctive Mood: Explain that the subjunctive mood expresses uncertain, desired, or hypothetical actions. Use examples like 'I hope he studies' and 'It is important that they play.' Highlight the difference from the certainty of the indicative. 4. Imperative Mood: Describe that the imperative mood is used to express orders, requests, or advice. Exemplify with phrases like 'Study now!' and 'Play carefully!'. Show how the tone shifts to direct action. 5. Aspects of the Present: Discuss that the verbal aspect can indicate continuity or punctuality of an action. Explain the difference between 'I am studying' (continuous action) and 'I study' (punctual action).

Classroom Questions

1. Give an example of a sentence in the present indicative mood and explain why it is in this mood. 2. Create a sentence in the present subjunctive mood that indicates a wish. 3. Formulate a sentence in the present imperative mood to ask someone to do something.

Questions Discussion

Duration: 20 to 25 minutes

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to review and consolidate the knowledge acquired by students during the lesson. By discussing the questions and engaging students in reflections, the teacher ensures that everyone understands the concepts of tense, mood, and aspects of verbs in the present, while also promoting students' active participation in the learning process.

Discussion

• Discussion of the Presented Questions:

• Example in the indicative mood: 'I study every day.' This sentence is in the indicative mood because it expresses a concrete and real action that occurs habitually.

• Sentence in the subjunctive mood indicating a wish: 'I hope he studies.' This sentence is in the subjunctive mood because it expresses a desire or hope, something that is not certain.

• Sentence in the imperative mood to ask for something: 'Study now!'. This sentence is in the imperative mood because it expresses a direct order or request for someone to do something.

Student Engagement

1. Questions and Reflections to Engage Students: 2. What is the difference between the indicative mood and the subjunctive mood? Give examples to illustrate your answer. 3. Why is it important to use the imperative mood correctly in our daily communication? 4. How can the conjugation of verbs in the present change the meaning of a sentence? Give examples of sentences with the same verb in different moods.

Conclusion

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to review and consolidate the main points addressed during the lesson, ensuring that students have a clear and complete understanding of the topic. By summarizing the content and highlighting its practical relevance, the teacher reinforces the importance of learning and facilitates the retention of information by the students.

Summary

• Verbs are essential for indicating actions, states, changes of state, and natural phenomena.
• The present tense indicates actions that happen at the moment of speaking, which can be habitual or permanent.
• The indicative mood expresses real and concrete actions.
• The subjunctive mood expresses uncertain, desired, or hypothetical actions.
• The imperative mood is used to express orders, requests, or advice.
• The aspects of the present can indicate continuity or punctuality of an action.

The lesson connected theory with practice through detailed explanations and clear examples, allowing students to identify and apply different verb tenses and moods in various contexts. Additionally, the problems solved guided by the teacher helped solidify the understanding of the concepts presented.

Understanding verb tenses and moods in the present is crucial for effective communication in daily life. Knowing how to correctly use the present tense allows students to express their actions, desires, and orders clearly and precisely. For example, by using the indicative mood, they can describe their routines, while the imperative mood is useful for giving instructions. The curiosity about the verb 'to be' illustrates the importance of verbs in describing the world around us.