Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the distribution of the world's population: This objective aims to provide students with a comprehensive and detailed view of how the population is distributed around the world. Students should be able to identify the factors that influence this distribution, such as geographical location, availability of natural resources, among others.

2. Analyze population density: Students should acquire the ability to analyze population density, that is, the number of people per unit area, in different regions of the world. They should be able to identify areas with high and low population density and discuss the factors that contribute to these differences.

3. Reflect on the implications of population distribution: Finally, students should be able to reflect on the implications of population distribution for society and the environment. This skill involves understanding concepts such as migration, urbanization, sustainability, among others.

Secondary Objectives:

• Promote group discussion: This secondary objective aims to encourage active participation from students, promoting discussion and debate on the topic. This can be done through group activities, such as analyzing maps and graphs, and classroom discussion.

• Develop research and analysis skills: Throughout the lesson, students will be encouraged to seek information on the topic, analyze this information, and use it to form their own opinions and conclusions. This will assist in the development of research and analysis skills, which are essential for the study of Geography.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous content - The teacher should begin the lesson with a brief review of the concepts of population, demography, and census. This review can be done through direct questions to students or through a quick slide presentation. The aim is to ensure that students have a solid understanding of these concepts before proceeding to the main topic of the lesson.

2. Problem situations - The teacher should present two situations that challenge students to think about the distribution of the population. For example:

   • "Imagine that you are a city planner and you need to decide where to build a new city. What factors would you consider when deciding the location of the new city?"
   • "Suppose you are a farmer and you need to decide where to plant your next crop. What factors would you consider when deciding where to plant?"

3. Contextualization of the theme - The teacher should contextualize the importance of the theme, explaining how the distribution of the population affects people's lives. For example:

   • "The distribution of the population affects the availability of resources, the infrastructure of cities, employment and education opportunities, among others. Therefore, understanding this distribution is fundamental to planning the sustainable and equitable development of societies."

4. Introduction of the topic - The teacher should introduce the topic of the lesson, explaining that they will discuss how the population is distributed around the world and what the implications of this distribution are. To spark student interest, the teacher can share curiosities or interesting facts about the distribution of the population. For example:

   • "Did you know that more than half of the world's population lives in just 10 countries? And that China and India together are home to more than a third of the world's population?"
   • "Did you know that the most populous city in the world, Tokyo, has more than 37 million inhabitants, while the least populous city, Vatican City, has less than 1,000 inhabitants?"

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Presentation of the Theory (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Distribution of the world's population - The teacher should start the theoretical presentation by explaining that the world's population is unevenly distributed across the planet. Some points to address could include:

     • The most densely populated regions, such as Asia, which is home to over 60% of the world's population.
     • The least populated regions, such as Oceania, which has the lowest population density.
     • The influence of geographical location, climate, natural resources, and socioeconomic conditions on the distribution of the population.

   • Population density - Next, the teacher should explain the concept of population density, i.e., the number of people per unit area. Some points to address could include:

     • How to calculate population density (number of inhabitants divided by the area in km²).
     • The differences in population density between countries and regions.
     • The relationship between population density and quality of life.

   • Implications of the distribution of the population - Finally, the teacher should discuss the implications of the distribution of the population for society and the environment. Some points to address could include:

     • The impact of the distribution of the population on economy, politics, and culture.
     • The challenges and opportunities created by the distribution of the population, such as migration, urbanization, and sustainability.

2. Group Practical Activity (10 - 13 minutes)

   • Data Analysis - The teacher should divide the class into groups and provide each group with a set of data on the world's population and population density. Students should analyse this data and discuss the trends they observe. For example, they could be asked to identify the countries with the highest and lowest population densities, to identify the regions with the largest and smallest populations, among others.

   • Group Discussion - After analysing the data, each group should present their findings to the class. The teacher should encourage discussion, asking questions that stimulate students to think critically about the distribution of the population. For example, the teacher could ask: "Why do you think the population is more concentrated in certain areas of the world?" or "What are the implications of high population density for quality of life?"

   • Reflection - At the end of the activity, students should be asked to reflect individually on what they have learned. The teacher could ask questions such as: "What was the most important concept you learned today?" or "What questions have not yet been answered?"

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes)

   • The teacher should promote a group discussion for each team to share their solutions or conclusions from the practical activity. Each team should have a maximum of 3 minutes to present. During the presentations, the teacher should encourage other students to ask questions or make comments.

2. Connection to the Theory (2 - 3 minutes)

   • After the presentations, the teacher should synthesize the discussions, connecting the students' findings to the theory presented at the beginning of the class. The teacher can highlight how the implications of the distribution of the population, calculated by population density, are present in different parts of the world.

3. Individual Reflection (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should propose that students reflect for one minute on the following questions:
     1. "What was the most important concept learned today?"
     2. "What questions have not yet been answered?"

4. Student Feedback (2 - 3 minutes)

   • After the individual reflection, the teacher should open a space for students to share their answers. Students can answer orally or in writing, depending on the dynamics of the class. The teacher should record the students' answers and use this information to plan future lessons or activities.

5. Class Closure (1 minute)

   • To close the lesson, the teacher should reinforce the main concepts discussed and thank the students for their participation and effort. The teacher should also remind students about the reading or homework assignment, if there is one.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Recapitulation (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should begin the conclusion of the lesson by recapitulating the main points discussed. This includes the distribution of the world's population, population density, and the implications of the distribution of the population. The teacher can briefly review each of these topics, connecting them to the practical activity and group discussion.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (1 minute): Next, the teacher should explain how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications. The teacher could mention how the practical activity allowed students to apply the theoretical concepts discussed and how the group discussion allowed students to reflect on the practical implications of the distribution of the population.

3. Supplementary Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should then suggest some supplementary materials for students who want to deepen their knowledge on the topic. This could include books, articles, documentaries, websites of international organizations, among others. The teacher could provide a list of these materials on the school's online learning platform or on a bulletin board in the classroom.

4. Everyday Applications (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should explain how what was learned in class can be applied in everyday life. This could include understanding news stories about migration, being able to analyze the distribution of the population in different regions of the world, raising awareness of sustainability issues, among others. The teacher could encourage students to think of other situations where these concepts can be applied and to share their ideas in the next class.

5. Closure (1 minute): To conclude, the teacher should thank the students for their participation and dedication during the class. The teacher should remind students about the reading or homework assignment and encourage them to get in touch if they have any questions. The teacher should also reinforce the importance of the topic of the next lesson and arouse the students' curiosity about what will be discussed.