Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Basic Electrical Circuits

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to present the main objectives of the lesson to the students, providing a clear and structured view of what will be learned. This will help guide the students' attention to the most important points and facilitate their understanding of the content throughout the lesson.

Main Objectives

1. Understand the basic functioning of an electric circuit.

2. Identify the components of an electric circuit, such as batteries, resistors, and conductors.

3. Describe the functions of each component in the electric circuit.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to capture the students' attention and spark their interest in the lesson's theme. By providing relevant context and interesting curiosities, the teacher creates an environment conducive to learning, facilitating the understanding of the concepts that will be covered later.

Context

To start the lesson on basic electric circuits, it is important to provide students with a context that relates the topic to their daily lives. Begin by explaining that electric circuits are present in almost all devices we use daily, such as cell phones, computers, light bulbs, and even household appliances like refrigerators and microwaves. Highlight that knowledge about electric circuits is essential to understand how these devices work and to solve practical problems related to them.

Curiosities

Did you know that the voltaic pile, invented by Alessandro Volta at the end of the 18th century, was one of the first devices to store electrical energy? Without this advancement, many of the electronic devices we use today would not exist!

Development

Duration: (40 - 50 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to deepen students' understanding of basic electric circuits by providing detailed explanations and clear examples. By addressing each topic accurately and proposing questions to be resolved in class, the teacher ensures that students grasp essential concepts and can apply the knowledge acquired in practical situations.

Covered Topics

1. Definition of Electric Circuit: Explain that an electric circuit is a closed path that allows electric current to flow. Emphasize the importance of having a power source and a conductive path for the current to flow. 2. Basic Components of the Circuit: Describe the main components of an electric circuit, including: Battery: Power source that provides the necessary voltage for the current to circulate. Resistor: Component that limits the amount of current that can pass through the circuit, protecting other components. Conductive Wires: Materials that allow the passage of electric current between the components of the circuit. 3. Operation of the Circuit: Detail how electric current flows through the circuit, starting from the battery, passing through the conductive wires, crossing resistors and other components, and returning to the battery. Explain the concept of a closed circuit and the importance of all components being correctly connected for the circuit to function. 4. Basic Laws of Electricity: Introduce Ohm's Law, which relates voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R). The formula is V = I x R. Explain how this law can be used to calculate voltage, current, or resistance in a simple circuit.

Classroom Questions

1. 1. What is an electric circuit and what are its basic components? 2. 2. How can Ohm's Law be applied to calculate the current in a circuit with a resistance of 10 ohms and a voltage of 5 volts? 3. 3. Describe the path that electric current takes in a simple circuit containing a battery, a resistor, and conductive wires.

Questions Discussion

Duration: (20 - 25 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to ensure that students internalize the concepts discussed during the lesson and have the opportunity to clarify their doubts. The detailed discussion of questions reinforces understanding and the practical application of the content, while students’ engagement through questions and reflections promotes active and participatory learning.

Discussion

•  Question 1: What is an electric circuit and what are its basic components? An electric circuit is a closed path that allows electric current to flow. The basic components of a circuit include: Battery: Power source that provides the necessary voltage for current circulation. Resistor: Component that limits the amount of current that can pass through the circuit, protecting other components. Conductive Wires: Materials that allow the passage of electric current between the circuit components.

•  Question 2: How can Ohm's Law be applied to calculate the current in a circuit with a resistance of 10 ohms and a voltage of 5 volts? Ohm's Law states that V = I x R, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance. To calculate the current, rearrange the formula to I = V / R. In this case, the current would be I = 5 volts / 10 ohms = 0.5 amperes.

•  Question 3: Describe the path that electric current takes in a simple circuit containing a battery, a resistor, and conductive wires. The electric current flows from the positive terminal of the battery, through the conductive wires to the resistor, where part of the energy is dissipated as heat. Then, the current continues through the conductive wires until it returns to the negative terminal of the battery, completing the closed circuit.

Student Engagement

1.  Question 1: Why is it important for an electric circuit to be a closed path? 2.  Question 2: How could you explain the function of a resistor to someone who is unfamiliar with electric circuits? 3.  Question 3: If you had a 9 volt battery and a 3 ohm resistor, what would the current in the circuit be? Use Ohm's Law to solve. 4. ️ Reflection: How can knowledge about electric circuits be useful in your daily life? Provide practical examples.

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to recap the main points covered during the lesson, reinforcing students' understanding and allowing them to see the practical relevance of what they learned. This helps to consolidate acquired knowledge and demonstrate the importance of the topic for daily life.

Summary

• Definition of an electric circuit as a closed path that allows electric current to flow.
• Basic components of an electric circuit: battery, resistor, and conductive wires.
• Functioning of the electric circuit, including the flow of current through the components.
• Introduction to Ohm's Law and its application to calculate voltage, current, and resistance in a circuit.

The lesson connected theory to practice by explaining how electric circuits are present in everyday devices such as cell phones and household appliances. The practical examples and problem-solving using Ohm's Law allowed students to see the direct application of theoretical concepts in real situations.

Knowledge about electric circuits is essential to understand the functioning of many devices that we use daily. Understanding these principles can help diagnose and resolve common problems, such as an electronic device that won’t turn on, and can also inspire future interests in fields like electrical engineering and electronics.