Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the concept of energy transformation: Students should be able to define and explain what energy transformation is, understanding that energy is not created or destroyed, but rather transformed from one form to another.

2. Identify examples of energy transformation in everyday life: Students should be able to recognize situations in daily life where energy transformations occur, such as the operation of a wind-up clock or the process of food digestion.

3. Apply the acquired knowledge to solve practical problems: Students should be able to apply the concept of energy transformation to solve simple problems, such as calculating the kinetic energy of a moving object.

Secondary Objectives:

• Develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
• Stimulate students' curiosity and interest in science and the world around them.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous content (3 - 5 minutes): The teacher should start the lesson with a brief review of the concepts of energy, its forms, and properties. This can be done through questions directed at the students, asking them to recall what was previously learned.

2. Problem situations (5 - 7 minutes): Next, the teacher should present two problem situations involving energy transformation. For example, the first situation could be: 'How can wind energy be transformed into electricity?' and the second: 'Why does the energy of a wind-up clock run out after a while?' The teacher should encourage students to think about these questions, without necessarily expecting concrete answers.

3. Contextualization (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should then contextualize the importance of the subject, explaining that energy transformation is present in various everyday situations and in various areas of science and technology. For example, the use of renewable energy sources (such as wind and solar) that depend on energy transformation to generate electricity can be mentioned.

4. Introduction to the topic (3 - 5 minutes): To spark students' interest, the teacher should introduce the topic in a captivating way. For example, the story of physicist James Prescott Joule, who was one of the first to propose that energy is not created or destroyed, but rather transformed, can be told. Another option is to show a short video of a practical experiment illustrating energy transformation, such as the conversion of potential energy into kinetic energy on a roller coaster.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory (10 - 12 minutes): The teacher should start the theoretical part of the lesson by explaining the concept of energy transformation. The following definition can be used: 'Energy transformation is the process by which energy changes from one form to another, such as from potential to kinetic, or from electrical to thermal.' The teacher should emphasize that energy is not created or destroyed, but rather transformed.

   1.1. Types of Energy (5 - 7 minutes): Next, the teacher should present the different types of energy, such as kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy, electrical energy, etc. Each type of energy should be explained clearly with practical examples. For example, kinetic energy can be illustrated with the example of a ball rolling down a hill, and potential energy with the example of a compressed spring.

   1.2. Law of Conservation of Energy (3 - 5 minutes): The teacher should then introduce the Law of Conservation of Energy, which states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant over time. This means that although energy can change from one form to another, the total amount of energy in the universe never changes.

2. Practical Examples (5 - 7 minutes): After presenting the theory, the teacher should give some practical examples of energy transformation. For instance, the operation of a hydroelectric plant can be discussed, where the potential energy of water is transformed into kinetic energy, which in turn is transformed into electrical energy. Another example is the operation of a car, where the chemical energy of the fuel is transformed into thermal energy, which is then transformed into mechanical energy to move the vehicle.

3. Practical Activity (5 - 6 minutes): To consolidate students' understanding, the teacher should propose a practical activity. For example, students can be divided into groups and each group receives a set of materials (such as a spring, a marble, a toy car, etc.). The challenge is to create a mini 'power plant' that demonstrates energy transformation using the provided materials. The teacher should move around the room, assisting the groups and clarifying any doubts that may arise.

By the end of this stage, students should have a solid understanding of the concept of energy transformation and be able to identify and explain examples of energy transformation in everyday life.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group discussion (3 - 4 minutes): After the practical activity, the teacher should gather all students in a large group for a final discussion. Each group should share what they built or discovered during the practical activity. This will allow students to see different approaches and solutions to the same problem, and also help reinforce the concept of energy transformation.

2. Connection to theory (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should then make the connection between the groups' solutions or discoveries and the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson. For example, if a group built a 'power plant' where the potential energy of the spring was transformed into the kinetic energy of the marble, the teacher can reinforce that this is a concrete example of the law of conservation of energy.

3. Individual reflection (2 - 3 minutes): To conclude the lesson, the teacher should propose that students reflect individually on what they have learned. Questions like 'What was the most important concept learned today?', 'What questions have not been answered yet?' and 'How can you apply what you learned today in everyday situations?' can be asked. The teacher should give a minute for students to think and then ask some students to share their answers with the class. This will not only help the teacher assess students' understanding but also encourage students to reflect on the relevance of what they have learned.

4. Teacher feedback (1 minute): The teacher should conclude the lesson by giving overall feedback on the class's performance. The teacher can praise students' efforts, highlight the strengths of the lesson, suggest areas for improvement, and reinforce the concept of energy transformation, encouraging students to continue exploring the topic outside the classroom.

The Return is a crucial part of the lesson plan, as it allows the teacher to assess students' understanding and reinforce key concepts. Additionally, individual reflection and group discussion help promote active learning and knowledge retention.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Conclusion by giving a brief summary of the main contents covered during the lesson. This includes the concept of energy transformation, the different types of energy, the Law of Conservation of Energy, and practical examples of energy transformation in everyday life. The teacher should reinforce these points, ensuring that students have understood and retained the information presented.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes): Next, the teacher should explain how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications. The teacher can mention how the practical activity allowed students to apply the theory of energy transformation concretely and, at the same time, better understand the applications of this concept in the real world. The teacher should emphasize the importance of understanding theory to solve problems and understand everyday phenomena.

3. Extra Materials (1 minute): The teacher should then suggest some extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge on the subject. This may include books, videos, websites, among others. For example, the teacher can recommend reading the book 'Energy: Vida e Evolução' by Isaac Asimov, or watching documentaries like 'O Poder do Sol' or 'A Era da Estupidez', which address the issue of energy transformation in an interesting and accessible way.

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 - 2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should summarize the importance of the subject for students' everyday lives. The teacher can mention how understanding energy transformation is essential to comprehend the origin and operation of various technologies, such as cars, power plants, clocks, among others. Additionally, the teacher can emphasize that awareness of energy use and transformation is essential for the discussion on sustainability and renewable energy sources.

The Conclusion is an essential stage of the lesson plan, as it allows the teacher to reinforce key concepts, connect theory to practice and applications, and motivate students to continue learning about the subject. Additionally, suggesting extra materials and discussing the relevance of the subject help promote autonomous learning and students' curiosity.