Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding Modal Verbs: Students will gain a basic knowledge of what modal verbs are, how they are used in the English language, and identify some of the most common ones.

2. Identifying Modal Verbs: Students will be able to identify modal verbs within sentences and texts, distinguishing them from other types of verbs.

3. Practical Application of Modal Verbs: Students will be able to use modal verbs correctly in a variety of contexts, demonstrating a functional understanding of their use in English communication.

Secondary Objectives

1. Developing Reading Skills: By identifying modal verbs within texts, students will also be improving their English reading skills.

2. Developing Writing Skills: By applying modal verbs in their own sentences and texts, students will be improving their English writing skills.

Introduction (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content: The teacher begins the lesson by reminding students about the concept of verbs in the English language, highlighting that, just like in other languages, verbs in English also indicate action, state, occurrence, among others. This review is important so that students can establish comparisons and contrasts between different types of verbs and better understand the specificity of modal verbs.

2. Problem Situations: The teacher presents two situations that lead students to question the use of modal verbs.

   • The first situation is that of a formal email that a student needs to send to an exchange teacher, in which the student needs to express requests, suggestions, and advice appropriately.
   • The second situation is that of a note that a student needs to write to a friend, in which the student wants to express wishes, permissions, and abilities naturally.

3. Contextualization: The teacher contextualizes the importance of modal verbs, explaining that they are widely used in the English language, especially in formal and informal communication situations, such as emails, letters, casual conversations, among other everyday and academic situations. The teacher can also mention that the correct use of modal verbs can make a difference in the clarity and effectiveness of communication in English.

4. Gaining Attention: To spark students' interest, the teacher can share some fun facts about modal verbs.

   • One fun fact is that, unlike regular verbs, modal verbs do not have conjugations for different persons (I, you, he, we, you, they) or for different verb tenses (present, past, future). In other words, they remain unchanged in their base form, regardless of the subject or the verb tense.
   • Another fun fact is that some modal verbs have similar meanings, but they are used in different contexts. For example, "can" and "could" both express ability, but "can" is used more often in the present tense and "could" in the past tense or in more formal situations.

By the end of the Introduction, students should have an overview of what modal verbs are, why they are important, and how they can be used in English communication.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Activity 1: Modal Verbs in Action (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Description: The teacher proposes a fun and interactive activity in which students will have to use modal verbs to complete sentences in a board game. The game board is made of cardboard and contains a series of blank spaces, each representing an incomplete sentence. Students will be divided into groups of 4 and each group will receive a game board, a dice, and pieces to move around the board.

   • Implementation: The teacher distributes the materials and explains the rules of the game. The groups take turns rolling the dice and moving their pieces around the board. When a piece lands on a blank space, the group must complete the sentence with an appropriate modal verb. If the answer is correct, the group stays on the space; if it is incorrect, the group goes back to the previous space. The first group to reach the end of the board wins.

   • Objective: This activity aims to reinforce the concept of modal verbs in a fun and engaging way, besides providing students with an opportunity to practice using modal verbs in a meaningful context.

2. Activity 2: Creating Dialogues (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Description: The teacher proposes a dialogue-creation activity in which students will have to use modal verbs to express different speaking situations. Each group will receive a different situation (e.g., asking for directions, making an order at a restaurant, expressing opinions about a movie, etc.) and will have to create a short dialogue, using modal verbs appropriately.

   • Implementation: The teacher distributes the situations and explains the rules of the activity. The groups have a set amount of time to create their dialogues. Then, each group presents their dialogue to the class, who should identify and correct any possible mistakes in the use of modal verbs.

   • Objective: This activity aims to provide students with an opportunity to apply modal verbs in a practical and contextualized way, besides developing their English speaking and writing skills.

3. Activity 3: Role-Playing Situations (5 - 8 minutes)

   • Description: The teacher proposes a role-playing activity in which students, still in their groups, will have to act out the speaking situations they created in the dialogues. Each group chooses one or two dialogues to dramatize.

   • Implementation: The teacher explains the rules of the activity and students start preparing for their role-plays. The groups have a set amount of time to rehearse and then they present their role-plays to the class. The teacher and the other students observe and comment on the use of modal verbs in the role-plays.

   • Objective: This activity aims to consolidate students' learning about modal verbs in a fun and engaging way, besides developing students' speaking and teamwork skills.

By the end of the Development, students should have a clear understanding of what modal verbs are, how they are used, and how they can be applied in different English communication contexts.

Closure (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 4 minutes)

   • Description: The teacher proposes a group discussion about the solutions or conclusions that students came up with during the activities. Each group will have a maximum of 2 minutes to share their answers or conclusions with the class.

   • Objective: This discussion aims to promote the exchange of ideas and reflection on the use of modal verbs, allowing students to learn from each other and develop their English argumentation and communication skills.

2. Connecting to Theory (3 - 4 minutes)

   • Description: After the discussion, the teacher revisits the theoretical concepts presented at the beginning of the class and makes a connection to the practical activities done by the students. The teacher highlights how modal verbs were applied in the activities and reinforces the main learning points.

   • Objective: This connection aims to reinforce students' understanding of the theory presented and demonstrate the relevance and applicability of modal verbs in the context of the English language.

3. Individual Reflection (2 minutes)

   • Description: The teacher proposes that students do an individual reflection on what they have learned in class. The teacher presents some guiding questions, such as: "What was the most important concept you learned today?" and "What questions still remain unanswered?" Students will have one minute to think about these questions.

   • Objective: This reflection aims to encourage students to become aware of their own learning process, identifying what they have learned and what questions they still have. In addition, it allows the teacher to assess the effectiveness of the lesson and plan for future pedagogical interventions, if necessary.

4. Feedback and Closure (1 minute)

   • Description: The teacher concludes the class by asking students to briefly share their reflections. The teacher thanks everyone for their participation, reinforces the importance of modal verbs in the English language, and encourages students to keep practicing and exploring the topic.

   • Objective: Students' feedback is a valuable tool for the teacher, as it allows them to assess the effectiveness of the lesson and make adjustments for future classes. In addition, the closure of the class reinforces students' learning and motivates them to continue studying the topic.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary and Recap (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Description: The teacher will summarize the main points covered during the class, reinforcing the concept of modal verbs, their use, and importance in the English language.
   • Objective: This recap aims to consolidate the knowledge acquired by students, reinforcing the key concepts and connecting them to the practical activities that were done.

2. Connecting Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Description: The teacher will explain how the class connected the theory of modal verbs with the practice of the group activities. In addition, the teacher will reinforce the applicability of modal verbs in everyday English communication situations.
   • Objective: This connection aims to show students the relevance and usefulness of what was learned, encouraging them to apply their knowledge in real-world situations.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Description: The teacher will suggest extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge about modal verbs. These materials may include websites, videos, online exercises, among others.
   • Objective: The extra materials provide students with the opportunity to study the topic more autonomously and in depth, complementing what was learned in class.

4. Importance of the Topic (1 minute)

   • Description: The teacher will conclude the class by reinforcing the importance of modal verbs in English communication, highlighting how the correct use of these verbs can contribute to the clarity and effectiveness of communication.
   • Objective: The ultimate goal is for students to understand the relevance of what they have learned and feel motivated to apply their knowledge in real-world English communication situations.

By the end of the class, students should have a clear understanding of what modal verbs are, how they are used, and why they are important. In addition, they should have acquired practical skills to identify and use modal verbs in a variety of contexts.