Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding China's geographical diversity: The teacher should guide students to identify and understand the different geographical features of China, including vast plains, mountains, deserts, and the presence of important rivers.

2. Relating geography to Chinese history: Through the study of China's geography, students should be able to understand how geography influenced the historical and cultural development of the country.

3. Analyzing human influence on China's geography: Students should be able to identify and discuss how human activities, such as agriculture and urbanization, have affected China's geography.

Secondary objectives:

• Developing research skills: By conducting research activities on China, students will have the opportunity to enhance their research skills, learning to find and evaluate relevant information.

• Encouraging group participation: The teacher should promote group collaboration during practical activities, encouraging students to share and discuss their findings and ideas.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous content: The teacher starts the lesson by reminding students of the concepts of physical and human geography, as well as the relationship between geography and a country's history. Additionally, the importance of China as one of the world's major economic and political powers can be highlighted. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem-based situations:

   • The teacher can question students about how China's geography, with its vast plains, mountains, and rivers, influenced the historical and cultural development of the country.
   • Another question could be about how human activities, such as agriculture and urbanization, have affected China's geography. (3 - 5 minutes)

3. Contextualization: The teacher can emphasize the importance of understanding China's geography, considering that the country is the largest economy in Asia and the second largest in the world. Furthermore, China is one of the main hubs for industrial production, trade, and technology, playing a significant role in global geopolitics. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Engaging students' attention:

   • The teacher can share interesting facts about China, such as being the most populous country in the world, with over 1.4 billion inhabitants, or that the Great Wall of China is one of the seven wonders of the world.
   • Another curiosity could be about the diversity of landscapes in China, ranging from the Gobi Desert in the north to the Himalayan mountains in the southwest. (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Interactive Mapping Activity:

   • The teacher should divide the class into groups of 5 to 6 students and provide each group with a large map of China and colored markers.
   • Each group should identify and mark on the map the main geographical elements of China, such as rivers, mountains, deserts, and urban areas.
   • Then, students should discuss and record how the presence of these geographical elements has influenced the history and culture of China.
   • For example, the presence of major rivers, such as the Yangtze and the Yellow River, has played a crucial role in agriculture and the economic development of China. (10 - 12 minutes)

2. Group Discussion Activity:

   • After the mapping activity, each group should choose a specific geographical element (e.g., the Yangtze River, the Himalayan mountains, the Gobi Desert) and discuss in the group how this element has influenced the lives of people living in those areas.
   • Then, each group should present their findings to the class.
   • The teacher should facilitate the discussion by asking questions to deepen students' understanding of the relationship between geography and human life in China. (8 - 10 minutes)

3. Research Activity:

   • Finally, the teacher should assign each group a research topic related to China's geography.
   • Topics may include the influence of geography on the Chinese economy, the impact of human activities on geography, or how China's geography has been portrayed in literature and cinema.
   • Each group should research their topic and prepare a brief presentation for the next class.
   • The teacher should provide clear guidance on how to conduct research (e.g., which sources to use, how to evaluate the reliability of information) and how to prepare the presentation (e.g., which points to include, how to use images and graphics effectively). (5 - 7 minutes)

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Sharing Group Conclusions:

   • The teacher should give each group the floor to share their conclusions and learnings from the group activities. Each group will have a maximum of 3 minutes to present.
   • During the presentations, the teacher should encourage other students to ask questions and make comments, promoting a discussion and collaborative learning environment.
   • The teacher should take notes of the main ideas and concepts presented by each group. (3 - 4 minutes)

2. Connection to Theory:

   • After all presentations, the teacher should summarize the main ideas presented by the groups and how they connect to the theory discussed at the beginning of the lesson.
   • The teacher should emphasize how China's geography influenced its history and culture, and how human activities have affected the country's geography.
   • Additionally, the teacher should highlight the main skills and competencies developed during the lesson, such as research ability, teamwork, and idea presentation. (2 - 3 minutes)

3. Individual Reflection:

   • The teacher should propose a moment of individual reflection, in which students will have 1 minute to think about the following questions:
     1. What was the most important concept learned today?
     2. What questions have not been answered yet?
   • After the minute of reflection, the teacher should ask for some volunteers to share their answers with the class.
   • The teacher should encourage students to express their doubts and curiosities, creating an open and receptive learning environment. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Closure:

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher should summarize the main points discussed and reinforce the importance of understanding China's geography in the current global context.
   • The teacher should also briefly inform about the content of the next class and what students can expect to learn.
   • Finally, the teacher should thank everyone for their participation and effort and encourage students to continue exploring the topic outside the classroom. (1 minute)

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Content Summary:

   • The teacher should recap the main points covered during the lesson, reinforcing the importance of understanding China's geography to comprehend its historical and cultural development, as well as human influences on the country's natural landscape.
   • He should remind students of the unique characteristics of Chinese geography, such as the presence of major rivers, mountains, and deserts, and how these elements have shaped the lives of people inhabiting the country. (2 - 3 minutes)

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications:

   • The teacher should highlight how the lesson combined theory, practice, and knowledge application.
   • He should emphasize how the mapping activity and group discussion allowed students to apply the theory on the influence of geography on society and Chinese history.
   • Additionally, the teacher should mention how the research activity helped students improve their research skills, which are applicable in various study areas. (1 - 2 minutes)

3. Additional Materials:

   • The teacher should suggest extra materials for students to deepen their understanding of the topic.
   • These materials may include documentaries about China, articles from academic journals, geography and history books, and reliable research websites.
   • The teacher should remind students that learning is a continuous process and that autonomous exploration of content is essential for knowledge construction. (1 - 2 minutes)

4. Subject Importance:

   • Finally, the teacher should emphasize the relevance of the subject to students' daily lives.
   • He can highlight how understanding China's geography can help better comprehend global geopolitical relations, the country's importance in the world economy, and even the influence of Chinese culture in various aspects of daily life, such as cuisine and martial arts.
   • The teacher should encourage students to apply what they learned in the lesson to interpret and analyze current and future issues. (1 minute)