Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understand the pre-revolutionary context in Russia: Students should be able to describe and analyze the economic, social, and political factors that led to the Russian Revolution. This includes exploring the autocratic system of czarism, the oppression of the peasantry, and the influence of Marxist ideas.

2. Identify the main stages of the Russian Revolution: Students should be able to distinguish between the February Revolution and the October Revolution, and understand the political and social changes that occurred in each of these phases.

3. Analyze the consequences of the Russian Revolution: Students should be able to discuss how the Russian Revolution affected not only Russia but the world in general. This includes the formation of the Soviet Union, changes in the Russian economy and society, and the impact of communism in the 20th century.

Secondary Objectives:

• Develop critical thinking skills: By analyzing the Russian Revolution, students should be encouraged to form their own opinions and evaluate different historical perspectives.

• Promote research and presentation: Students will be encouraged to research more about the topic and present their findings clearly and effectively.

• Stimulate active participation in the classroom: Students will be encouraged to ask questions, participate in discussions, and share their opinions during the lesson, promoting a collaborative and engaged learning environment.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review related content: The teacher should start the lesson by briefly reviewing related content that was discussed in previous classes. This may include a review of the czarist system, the living conditions of the peasantry, an introduction to the ideas of Marx and Engels, and the economic and social situation of Russia in the early 20th century. This review will help students connect new knowledge with what they have already learned. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Present problem situations: The teacher should then present two problem situations to stimulate students' critical thinking.

   • The first one could be: "Why was Russia, a country with vast natural resources, experiencing such a deep crisis in the early 20th century?"
   • The second one could be: "How could the ideas of Marx and Engels influence Russian society at that time?" (3 - 5 minutes)

3. Contextualize the importance of the subject: The teacher should then contextualize the importance of the subject, explaining that the Russian Revolution was a crucial event that shaped the 20th century. He/she may mention that the October Revolution was the first successful revolution led by the proletariat and that the Soviet Union became one of the two world superpowers after World War II. Additionally, it can be mentioned that the impact of the Russian Revolution is still felt today, both in Russia and worldwide. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduce the topic in an interesting way: To capture students' attention, the teacher can share some curiosities or interesting stories about the Russian Revolution.

   • For example, he/she may mention that the October Revolution began with the storming of the Winter Palace by a group of Bolsheviks led by Lenin, and that most members of the Winter Palace were peacefully arrested, without bloodshed.
   • Another curiosity could be that Czar Nicholas II and his family were executed by the Bolsheviks in 1918, but their bodies were not found until 1991. (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Simulation Activity: "Russian Revolution Board Game" (10 - 15 minutes)

   • Preparation: The teacher should prepare a board game that represents the period of the Russian Revolution. The board should be divided into different spaces representing significant historical events, such as the February Revolution, the October Revolution, the Russian Civil War, etc. Each space should have a brief description of the event it represents.

   • Organization: Students should be divided into groups of 4 to 5 people. Each group receives a set of game pieces (e.g., different colored pins) and a die.

   • Playing the Game: Groups should roll the die and move their pieces on the board according to the number they rolled. When a group's piece lands on a space, they should read the description of the historical event and discuss what they think happened and why. They should also discuss the implications of that event for the overall course of the Russian Revolution.

   • Conclusion: After a predetermined number of rounds, the game should end. Each group should then briefly present their findings to the class, highlighting the most significant events and the changes that occurred in Russia as a result of the Revolution.

2. Practical Activity with Primary Sources: "Revolutionary Debates" (10 - 15 minutes)

   • Preparation: The teacher should prepare some excerpts of primary sources related to the Russian Revolution. These may include excerpts from Lenin's speeches, newspaper articles from the time, letters from soldiers on the battlefield, etc.

   • Organization: Students should be divided into groups of 4 to 5 people. Each group should receive a set of excerpts from primary sources.

   • Discussion: Groups should discuss the excerpts they received, trying to understand what the authors were trying to convey and how it relates to the Russian Revolution. They should then prepare a brief presentation for the class, in which they should present their excerpts and interpretations.

   • Conclusion: Each group should then briefly present their findings to the class. The teacher should lead a discussion on the different interpretations of the students and how this reflects the complexity of the Russian Revolution.

3. Creation Activity: "Russian Revolution Poster" (5 - 10 minutes)

   • Preparation: The teacher should provide students with art materials, such as colored paper, colored pencils, pens, etc.

   • Organization: Students should continue working in the same groups from the previous activity.

   • Creation: Each group should create a poster that visually represents the Russian Revolution. The poster should include images and words that describe the main events and ideas of the Revolution.

   • Conclusion: Each group should present their poster to the class, explaining the choices they made and how they represent the Russian Revolution.

Feedback (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (3 - 5 minutes)

   • The teacher should gather all students and promote a group discussion, allowing each group to briefly share their conclusions from the simulation, debates, and creation activities.
   • Each group should have a maximum of 3 minutes to present, ensuring that everyone has the opportunity to speak.
   • The teacher should encourage students to ask questions and make comments on their classmates' presentations, promoting a collaborative learning environment.
   • During the discussion, the teacher should ensure that the main ideas and concepts of the Russian Revolution are being articulated by the students, correcting any misconceptions or misunderstandings that may arise.

2. Connection to Theory (2 - 3 minutes)

   • After all presentations, the teacher should summarize the main conclusions of the groups, connecting them with the theoretical concepts presented at the beginning of the lesson.
   • For example, the teacher can highlight how the economic and social conditions of pre-revolutionary Russia led to the Revolution, or how the ideas of Marx and Engels influenced the revolutionary events.
   • This will help students see the connection between theory and practice, and understand how abstract concepts apply to concrete situations.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes)

   • Finally, the teacher should propose that students reflect silently for a minute on what they learned in today's lesson.
   • The teacher can ask guiding questions, such as: "What was the most important concept you learned today?" and "What questions have not been answered yet?".
   • After the minute of reflection, students should be encouraged to share their answers with the class, if they feel comfortable.
   • This final reflection will help students consolidate their learning and identify any areas they still do not fully understand, so they can seek clarification in future classes or in their own research.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Content Summary (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should start the Conclusion by summarizing the key points of the lesson.
   • Emphasis should be placed on understanding the pre-revolutionary context in Russia, identifying the main stages of the Russian Revolution, and analyzing the consequences of this event.
   • The teacher should briefly review the main concepts and events discussed, returning to the initial problem situations and showing how these questions were answered throughout the lesson.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes)

   • Next, the teacher should explain how the lesson connected theory with practice.
   • He/she can highlight how the board game activity allowed students to experience the events of the Russian Revolution in a playful and interactive way, while the debates activity encouraged them to analyze and interpret primary sources.
   • The teacher should emphasize that the goal of these activities was to help students understand the Russian Revolution not only as a set of historical events but also as a complex and multifaceted process that involved the participation of different groups and ideologies.

3. Additional Materials (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should then suggest some additional materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge of the Russian Revolution.
   • These may include books, documentaries, history websites, and academic articles.
   • For example, the teacher may recommend the book "Ten Days That Shook the World" by John Reed, which offers a first-hand perspective on the October Revolution.
   • Additionally, the teacher may suggest that students explore the vast collection of primary sources on the Russian Revolution available online, such as posters, photographs, and diaries.

4. Relevance of the Subject (1 minute)

   • Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the Russian Revolution for the current world.
   • He/she can argue that the Russian Revolution not only radically transformed Russia but also had a significant global impact, shaping the history of the 20th century and influencing the development of political and social ideas worldwide.
   • The teacher should emphasize that the study of the Russian Revolution is not only about the past but also about understanding the forces and processes that shape the world we live in today.