Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding Electromagnetic Waves: Students should be able to understand the concept of electromagnetic waves, identifying their main characteristics, such as the ability to propagate in a vacuum and their dual nature (particle-wave).

2. Identification and Classification of Electromagnetic Waves: Students should be able to identify and classify the main electromagnetic waves present in the electromagnetic spectrum, such as visible light, radio waves, microwaves, X-rays, among others.

3. Understanding the Electromagnetic Spectrum: Students should be able to understand what the electromagnetic spectrum is, understanding the order of electromagnetic waves according to their wavelength and frequency.

Secondary Objectives:

• Development of Critical Thinking: During the lesson, students will be encouraged to think critically about the importance of electromagnetic waves in their daily lives, as well as in various areas of science and technology.

• Stimulation of Active Learning: To achieve the main Objectives, students will be encouraged to actively participate in the lesson through discussions, questions, and practical activities.

• Development of Research Skills: Students will be guided to conduct complementary research on the lesson's topic in order to deepen their understanding of electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic spectrum.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Recalling Previous Concepts: The teacher should start the lesson by recalling previous concepts that are fundamental for understanding the topic. They can ask questions like: "What are waves?" and "What are the types of waves you have studied before?" This will help prepare the ground for the Introduction of the concept of electromagnetic waves.

2. Problem Situations: The teacher can propose two problem situations to arouse students' interest:

   a. "Have you ever wondered how sunlight reaches us, even in the empty space between Earth and the Sun?"

   b. "How do radio and TV signals manage to pass through walls and other obstacles to reach our devices?"

   These questions serve to contextualize the relevance of studying electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic spectrum.

3. Contextualization: The teacher should then contextualize the importance of the subject, explaining that electromagnetic waves are fundamental for the existence of life on Earth, as solar light, which is a form of electromagnetic wave, is the primary source of energy for most living beings. In addition, electromagnetic waves have a wide range of practical applications, from information transmission (radio, TV, internet) to medicine (X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging).

4. Curiosities: To arouse students' curiosity, the teacher can share two curiosities about electromagnetic waves:

   a. "Did you know that electromagnetic waves are actually energy waves? They move through space carrying energy from one place to another, just like ocean waves carry energy from the storm that generated them."

   b. "And here's another curiosity: electromagnetic waves do not need a material medium to propagate. They can travel in both vacuum and material media, such as air or water. This explains, for example, why we can hear the sound of thunder but do not immediately see the lightning - sound needs a material medium to propagate, while light, which is an electromagnetic wave, does not."

5. Introduction of the Topic: After arousing students' interest and curiosity, the teacher should formally introduce the topic of the lesson: "Today, we will study electromagnetic waves, a special type of wave that plays a fundamental role in our lives and in modern science and technology. Let's understand what they are, how they are classified, and how they relate to the electromagnetic spectrum."

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Theory of Electromagnetic Waves (10 - 12 minutes):

   1.1. Presentation of the Concept (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should start by introducing the definition of electromagnetic waves, explaining that they are waves created by the oscillation of electric charges that propagate through space. They should emphasize that these waves have the ability to propagate in both vacuum and material media, unlike other waves, such as sound waves, which need a material medium to propagate.

   1.2. Particle-Wave Duality (2 - 3 minutes): Next, the teacher should address the particle-wave duality of electromagnetic waves, explaining that, although they are considered waves, they can also behave as particles, called photons.

   1.3. Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should then present the main characteristics of electromagnetic waves: wavelength (distance between two consecutive points in the wave) and frequency (number of complete oscillations of the wave passing through a point in one second). They should also explain that the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in a vacuum is the speed of light.

2. The Electromagnetic Spectrum (5 - 7 minutes):

   2.1. Definition and Composition (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should present the concept of the electromagnetic spectrum, explaining that it is the complete range of all electromagnetic waves, from those with the longest wavelength and lowest frequency, such as radio waves, to those with the shortest wavelength and highest frequency, such as gamma rays.

   2.2. Classification and Utility (2 - 3 minutes): Next, the teacher should classify the different ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, mentioning examples of practical uses for each of them. For example, radio waves are used for communication, microwaves for heating food, visible light to allow us to see, X-rays for medical diagnosis, etc.

   2.3. Importance and Relevance (1 - 2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the importance of the electromagnetic spectrum for various areas of science and technology, such as astronomy, medicine, communications, among others.

3. Practical Activity (5 - 6 minutes):

   3.1. Group Division (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should divide the class into groups and provide each group with a table containing the different ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum and examples of practical applications for each of them.

   3.2. Analysis and Discussion (3 - 4 minutes): Students, in their groups, should analyze the table and discuss the different ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum and their utilities. The teacher should move around the room, assisting the groups and clarifying doubts.

   3.3. Presentation (1 - 2 minutes): Each group should then present to the class the conclusions of their discussion. This activity serves to reinforce students' understanding of electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic spectrum, as well as to promote collaboration and communication among them.

Return (8 - 10 minutes)

1. Connection to Real Life (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should encourage students to make connections between what they learned in the lesson and the world around them. They can ask them to reflect for a moment and then share their ideas with the class. Some questions may be:

   1.1. "How do electromagnetic waves affect our daily lives?" (Examples of answers: sunlight allows us to see; radio and TV signals keep us informed and entertained; microwaves help us cook quickly, etc.)

   1.2. "How are electromagnetic waves used in different areas of science and technology?" (Examples of answers: in medicine, X-rays are used for diagnosis; in astronomy, radio waves are used to study the universe; in communication, radio waves and visible light are used to transmit information, etc.)

   1.3. "Can you think of other applications of electromagnetic waves that were not discussed in class?" (Examples of answers: airport scanners use millimeter waves to detect hidden objects; microwave ovens use microwaves to heat food, etc.)

2. Learning Verification (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should then verify what the students learned during the lesson. They can ask questions like:

   2.1. "What are electromagnetic waves and what are their main characteristics?"

   2.2. "What is the electromagnetic spectrum and how is it classified?"

   2.3. "What are some practical applications of the different ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum?"

   The teacher should encourage students to answer freely, without fear of making mistakes, and should provide constructive feedback for their answers.

3. Final Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should propose that students reflect on what they learned during the lesson. They can ask questions like:

   3.1. "What was the most important concept you learned today?"

   3.2. "What questions have not been answered yet?"

   3.3. "How can you apply what you learned today in your daily life or in other subjects?"

   Students should have a minute to think about these questions, and then some of them can be invited to share their answers with the class.

4. Teacher's Feedback (1 minute): To end the lesson, the teacher should give brief feedback on the students' performance, praising what was well done and suggesting areas for improvement for the next lesson. For example, the teacher can praise the students' active participation during the lesson and suggest that they better prepare for the next lesson by reviewing the concepts learned today and doing the suggested readings and research.

5. Assignment of Tasks (1 minute): The teacher should then assign homework tasks for the next lesson, which may include reading a complementary text on electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic spectrum, conducting a simple experiment involving electromagnetic waves, or solving some problems on the topic. The teacher should clearly explain what is expected of the students and how much time they will have to complete the tasks.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary and Recapitulation (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Conclusion of the lesson by briefly summarizing the main points covered during the lesson. This includes the definition of electromagnetic waves, the particle-wave duality, the characteristics of electromagnetic waves (wavelength, frequency, propagation speed), the concept of the electromagnetic spectrum and its practical applications. The teacher should recall the examples and practical activities carried out to reinforce the concepts learned.

2. Connection between Theory, Practice, and Applications (1 - 2 minutes): Next, the teacher should emphasize how the lesson connected theory (the concept of electromagnetic waves and the electromagnetic spectrum), practice (the activity of analyzing the electromagnetic spectrum table), and applications (the various utilities of electromagnetic waves in daily life and in different areas of science and technology). The teacher can mention how the practical activity helped students better understand the concept of the electromagnetic spectrum and the importance of its different ranges.

3. Extra Materials (1 minute): The teacher should then suggest extra materials for students who wish to deepen their knowledge on the topic. This may include reference books, scientific articles, documentaries, websites, among others. The teacher should remind students that autonomous research is an important part of the learning process and that these materials can be useful to complement what was learned in the classroom.

4. Relevance of the Topic (1 - 2 minutes): Finally, the teacher should reinforce the importance of the topic studied for students' daily lives and for society as a whole. For example, the teacher can mention that electromagnetic waves allow the existence of life on Earth, as solar light, an electromagnetic wave, is the primary source of energy for most living beings. In addition, electromagnetic waves have a wide range of practical applications, from information transmission (radio, TV, internet) to medicine (X-rays, magnetic resonance imaging). The teacher can also remind students that understanding electromagnetic waves is fundamental for the comprehension of other topics, such as electricity and magnetism, which will be studied in future lessons.

5. Closure (1 minute): To conclude the lesson, the teacher should thank the students for their participation and attention, reinforce the importance of preparing for the following lessons, and wish everyone a good week of studies. The teacher should also remind students to bring their doubts to the next lesson, as it is through doubts that learning deepens and consolidates.