Contextualization

The world we live in today is full of arguments. They can be seen in our homes, schools, workplaces, and even on the global stage. However, not all arguments are created equal. Some are based on solid evidence, clear reasoning, and logical fallacies, while others are mere opinions and personal beliefs.

In this project, we will delve into the fascinating world of arguments. We will learn how to construct a strong argument, identify logical fallacies, and understand the importance of evaluating evidence. By mastering these skills, you will not only become more effective communicators but also better critical thinkers.

Introduction

An argument, in its simplest form, is a series of statements or propositions that are used to persuade someone of something or to present reasons for accepting a conclusion. Contrary to popular belief, an argument is not a fight or a quarrel. It is a reasoned discussion, where the goal is to find the truth, not to win.

In the context of academic study, an argument is a way of presenting a claim or a point of view, supported by evidence and reasoning. This is an essential skill in subjects such as English, History, Science, and even Mathematics, where students are required to justify their answers.

Importance

The ability to construct and evaluate arguments is a crucial skill in our daily lives. Whether you are trying to convince your parents to let you stay out later, your teacher to give you an extension on an assignment, or your boss to give you a raise, you are essentially making an argument.

Moreover, in a world that is increasingly driven by information and ideas, the ability to understand and analyze arguments is more important than ever. It allows us to make informed decisions, challenge false beliefs, and contribute to meaningful conversations.

Resources

Students can use the following resources to deepen their understanding of the topic:

1. They Say, I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing by Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein
2. Purdue Online Writing Lab
3. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4. TED-Ed Lessons on Arguments
5. Crash Course Philosophy: Arguments

Practical Activity

Activity Title: "The Great Debate: Constructing and Evaluating Arguments"

Objective of the Project

The main objective of this project is to enable students to understand and apply the basic principles of argumentation: constructing a strong argument, identifying logical fallacies, and evaluating evidence.

Group Size and Duration

The project is designed for groups of 3 to 5 students and will require an estimated time of three to five hours per student, spread over a month.

Detailed Description of the Project

In this project, you will be divided into groups to prepare and present a debate on a specific topic. The debate should involve the construction and evaluation of arguments, and it should showcase your understanding of the concepts of logical fallacies and evidence evaluation.

The project will be divided into four main stages:

1. Research: Each group will be assigned or can choose a specific topic to debate. You should conduct thorough research on the topic, gathering as much evidence and information as possible to support your arguments.

2. Argument Construction: Based on your research, you will construct your arguments for the debate. You should aim to present a convincing case, using sound reasoning and evidence.

3. Argument Evaluation: This is where you will put your critical thinking skills to the test. You will evaluate the arguments of the opposing team for logical fallacies and the strength of their evidence.

4. Debate: The final stage is the actual debate. Each team will present their arguments, challenge the arguments of the opposing team, and defend their own arguments.

Necessary Materials

• Access to a library or reliable internet for research
• Presentation tools (such as PowerPoint) for preparing your arguments and visual aids for the debate
• A platform for the debate (can be in-person or online, depending on your circumstances)

Detailed Step-by-step for Carrying out the Activity

1. Group Formation and Topic Selection: Form groups of 3 to 5 students. Each group should select or be assigned a topic for the debate. The topics should be broad enough to allow for multiple arguments but specific enough to focus your research.

2. Research: Start your research on the selected topic. Use a variety of sources, such as books, articles, and reputable websites, to gather evidence and information.

3. Argument Construction: Based on your research, construct your arguments. Remember to include clear statements, supporting evidence, and logical reasoning.

4. Argument Evaluation: Before the debate, evaluate the arguments of the opposing team. Look out for logical fallacies and the strength of their evidence.

5. Debate Preparation: Prepare your presentation for the debate. Make sure to include clear visual aids and to practice your delivery.

6. Debate: Present your arguments, challenge the arguments of the opposing team, and defend your own arguments. The debate should be conducted in a respectful and constructive manner.

7. Post-Debate Reflection: After the debate, reflect on the process and the outcome. Did the debate change your opinion on the topic? Did you learn something new from the arguments of the opposing team?

Project Deliveries

After the completion of the practical part of the project, each group is required to write a document following the structure below:

1. Introduction: Provide a brief overview of the topic of the debate, its relevance, and the objective of the project.

2. Development: Detail the theory of constructing and evaluating arguments, explain the activity in detail, indicate the methodology used in your research, argument construction, and evaluation, and finally present and discuss the results of the debate.

3. Conclusion: Revisit the main points of the project, state the learnings obtained, and draw conclusions about the project.

4. Bibliography: Indicate all the sources you used to research your topic and prepare for the debate.

Remember, the goal of this project is not just to win the debate, but to learn and apply the principles of argumentation in a real-world context. Good luck and happy debating!