Introduction

Hello, everyone! Let's embark on an incredible journey into the world of numbers, more specifically, integers. Did you know that integers are used to represent quantities and that they are useful in various everyday situations? That's right, they are very important and go far beyond the math problems we solve in school.

Think about it: when you play "more" or "less" with your friends, you are using integers. They are also essential when we want to say if something is above or below zero, like the temperature. And, of course, in mathematics, they are used to solve addition and subtraction problems. Therefore, understanding integers will help you better deal with everyday situations.

Addition and Subtraction

Addition and subtraction are two fundamental mathematical operations that we use every day. Addition, as the name suggests, is used to add two or more quantities to find the total. For example, if you have 3 oranges and you get 2 more, you can use addition to find out that you now have 5 oranges.

Subtraction, on the other hand, is used to decrease one quantity from another. For example, if you have 5 oranges and you eat 2, you can use subtraction to find out that you now have 3 oranges.

Integers

Now, let's talk about integers. They are formed by the natural numbers (1, 2, 3, ...) and their negative opposites (-1, -2, -3, ...). The number zero is also considered an integer.

On the number line, integers are spread on both sides of zero, forming a line that continues infinitely to the right and to the left. This concept is very important for understanding the operations of addition and subtraction with integers.

Now that we know what addition, subtraction, and integers are, let's put it all together and do a super project! It's going to be a lot of fun, I promise. Ready? Let's go!

Hands-on Activity

Activity Title: "Exploring the World of Integers"

Project Goal:

The goal of this project is to help students understand the addition and subtraction of integers, as well as develop socio-emotional skills such as collaboration, communication, critical thinking, and problem solving.

Detailed Project Description:

Students will work in groups of 3 to 5, creating and solving addition and subtraction problems using integers. Each group will create their own problem situations, for example: "You had 5 apples and gave 3 to your friend. How many apples do you have now?" or "The temperature was -2°C and it dropped 3°C. What is the new temperature?"

After creating the problems, each group should solve them on a sheet of paper, using the number line to visualize the operations. Finally, the groups will present the problems and solutions to the class, promoting discussion and exchange of ideas.

Materials Needed:

• Paper and pencils for calculations;
• Ruler to draw the number line;
• Colored pens to decorate and mark the number line;
• Books, magazines or the internet to seek inspiration for the problems (with the teacher's supervision, if necessary).

Detailed Step-by-Step:

1. Form the groups: Divide the class into groups of 3 to 5 students.

2. Explain the project: Explain to the students that they will be creating and solving addition and subtraction problems using integers. Show some examples of problem situations that they can create.

3. Create the problems: Each group should create 5 addition problems and 5 subtraction problems. They can be based on real or invented situations, the important thing is that they involve integers.

4. Solve the problems: After creating the problems, each group should solve them on a sheet of paper, using the number line to help visualize the operations.

5. Decorate the paper: Students can use colored pens to decorate the paper and make it more beautiful.

6. Prepare the presentation: Each group should prepare a presentation for the class. In the presentation, they should explain the problems they created, how they solved them, and what the answers were.

7. Present the project: On the scheduled date, each group will make their presentation to the class. The teacher can follow the presentations and guide the discussions, if necessary.

8. Evaluate the work: At the end of the presentations, the teacher will evaluate the performance of the students, taking into account the resolution of the problems, the participation in the group, the presentation and the understanding of the concept of integers.

Remember, the most important thing is to learn and have fun. Good luck, everyone!