Contextualization

The Animalia kingdom is diverse and vast, encompassing a wide variety of life forms. Among these organisms, one of the main biological classifications divides them into two groups: vertebrates and invertebrates. This distinction is critical for understanding the evolution, environmental adaptation, anatomical complexity, and biological functions that differentiate these life forms.

Vertebrates are characterized by the presence of an internal skeleton with a spine, housing their central nervous system. Moreover, vertebrates include animals such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, each with specific evolutionary traits and ecological adaptations. These animals play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems and, consequently, in our survival as a species.

Invertebrates, on the other hand, do not possess a spine and make up the vast majority of animal diversity, with examples ranging from insects to mollusks, arachnids to echinoderms. Some have exoskeletons, as in the case of insects, which serve as protection and structural support. These animals are essential for the functioning of ecosystems and for human activities such as the pollination of agricultural crops that are essential for our food supply.

The importance of studying vertebrates and invertebrates goes beyond pure biology, as it encompasses aspects of ecology, conservation, and even economics. Understanding the lives of these organisms is understanding how ecosystems function and how our actions impact global biodiversity. Additionally, many medical discoveries have originated from studies of the physiology of these organisms, from the development of new drugs to understanding human diseases.

In this context, it is essential that future citizens and scientists understand and preserve the natural wealth represented by vertebrate and invertebrate animals. By exploring the complexities of animal life, we can develop a holistic vision that integrates different areas of knowledge, from the environment to our well-being and sustainable development.

To delve deeper into this topic and substantiate your research, I suggest consulting the following resources in Portuguese:

• Ruppert, Fox, and Barnes' book "Zoologia dos Invertebrados": a classic reference that offers a detailed overview of invertebrates.

• F. Harvey Pough's book "A Vida dos Vertebrados": a work that provides a comprehensive understanding of vertebrates, from their anatomy to their ecological roles.

• Website of the Brazilian Society of Zoology (www.sbz.org.br): which has up-to-date publications and information on animal diversity.

• Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation - ICMBio (www.icmbio.gov.br): for information on conservation and native species of Brazil.

These resources will serve as the foundation for discussions, study, and knowledge-building throughout this project.

Practical Activity

Activity Title

"Biodiversity Explorers: A Journey Through the Kingdoms of Vertebrates and Invertebrates"

Project Objective

The objective of this project is to allow students to explore, identify, and analyze the diversity of vertebrate and invertebrate animals, understanding their main characteristics, adaptability, and ecological importance, while also developing technical and socio-emotional skills such as teamwork, time management, and effective communication.

Detailed Project Description

Students will be divided into groups of 3 to 5 members. They will conduct an interdisciplinary study involving Biology and Ecology, combining theoretical research, practical observation, and creativity in presenting a "Living Museum" of representations of vertebrates and invertebrates, followed by a conservation campaign.

Necessary Materials

• Biology and ecology textbooks and articles;
• Internet access for research;
• Cameras or smartphones for recording;
• Drawing and painting supplies (paper, pencils, paints, brushes, etc.);
• Recyclable materials for building models (cardboard, plastics, fabrics, etc.);
• Video and audio recording equipment;
• Video and image editing software (optional).

Step-by-Step Details

Week 1-3: Research and Planning

1. Theoretical Study: Each group should study the key concepts of vertebrates and invertebrates, focusing on their biological characteristics, classification, adaptations, and ecological importance.
2. Species Selection: For each group of vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) and three invertebrate phyla, select at least two species for in-depth study.
3. Living Museum Outline: Develop the concept for a "Living Museum," which includes the creation of three-dimensional models of the selected species and the preparation of information sheets about them.

Week 4-6: Creation and Execution

1. Modeling: Use recyclable materials to build realistic models of the species studied.
2. Information Sheets: Produce information sheets that accompany the models, highlighting key information obtained from the research.
3. Photographic Record: Photograph the models in environments that simulate their natural habitat.

Week 7-8: Presentation and Conservation Campaign

1. Museum Assembly: Organize an exhibition with the models and information sheets for the class.
2. Conservation Campaign: Create an awareness campaign about the conservation of the species studied, using the models and information as supporting materials. The production can be in video format, lectures, or interactive activities with other students and teachers.
3. Visitation: Allow other classes to visit the "Living Museum," and the groups should be prepared to explain their work and answer questions.

Project Deliverables and Connection to Activities

Each group should deliver the following:

1. Documentary: A documentary video of up to 15 minutes on the process of creating the "Living Museum," including discussion of the species, the importance of biodiversity, and the conservation campaign.
2. Written Report: A detailed report with the following sections:

• Introduction: Contextualization of the theme and the relevance of vertebrate and invertebrate animals in the real world, along with the objectives of the project.

• Development: Theoretical discussion of the characteristics of the animals studied, detailing the activities carried out, methodology used (with photos of the models and information sheets), presentation and analysis of the results of the awareness campaigns.

• Conclusions: Critical assessment of what was learned, how the project helped to understand the subject matter, and the importance of teamwork and other socio-emotional skills.

• Bibliography: References to books, articles, websites, and other resources used.

Students should encompass the initial research, the creation process, the museum assembly, and the campaign in a cohesive document that demonstrates both the technical knowledge acquired and the development of skills such as cooperation and leadership.

Project Duration

The project should be carried out over 8 weeks, with a dedication of approximately 3 hours per week per student, totaling 24 hours of individual work, thus exceeding the minimum of 12 hours per student.