Contextualization

The Uniform Circular Motion (UCM) is one of the main concepts in physics that describes the movement of an object along a circular path at a constant speed. This type of movement, quite special, presents unique properties and characteristics that are intrinsic to the nature of its trajectory and constant speed.

The UCM is a simple theme, however, its application covers different areas such as engineering, astronomy, and even in everyday life. For example, the planets in our solar system move in circular orbits around the sun, car engines have parts spinning in uniform circular motion, and the wheels of a bicycle also exemplify this movement.

Through the study of UCM, we can understand complex natural phenomena and create incredible technologies. In astrophysics, we use UCM to understand the movement of planets and satellites. In engineering, we use these principles to design engines, turbines, and various other rotating machines. Even in everyday life, UCM concepts are used to understand the movement of objects like Ferris wheels and carousels.

Furthermore, UCM has a strong connection with the concepts of centripetal and centrifugal forces, which are apparent forces perceived in a reference system that is in circular motion. Understanding these forces and how they affect an object in circular motion is fundamental not only for physics but also for various engineering and technology disciplines.

Practical Activity

Activity Title: "Hands-on MCU! - Building Ferris Wheels"

Project Objective

This project aims to provide students with a real understanding of Uniform Circular Motion (UCM) through the construction of a Ferris wheel model. In addition to applying theoretical physics concepts, students will develop skills in teamwork, time management, creative thinking, and problem-solving.

Detailed Project Description

Students will be divided into groups of 3 to 5 students, and each group will be tasked with building a Ferris wheel model using recycled or easily found materials.

The model must be able to rotate, symbolizing Uniform Circular Motion (UCM). Additionally, students must calculate the angular velocity, period, and angular variations. Finally, they should simulate movements with different types of speeds and observe changes in centripetal and centrifugal forces.

Required Materials

• Cardboard pieces
• Popsicle sticks
• Plastic or paper straws
• Nylon thread
• Scissors
• Glue
• Fishing line or nylon thread
• Stopwatch

Detailed Step-by-Step for Activity Execution

1. Start by drawing and cutting out two large circles on the cardboard. These circles will become the main structure of the Ferris wheel.
2. Use the popsicle sticks to form a cross support from the center to the edges of the cardboard circles. Glue the sticks in place.
3. Cut the straws into equal-sized pieces. They will be used to create cabins for the Ferris wheel. Glue the straws to the popsicle sticks.
4. Thread the nylon thread through the center of the structure and hang the Ferris wheel on a suitable support.
5. Now that the Ferris wheel has been built, it's time to start experiments with Uniform Circular Motion. Use a stopwatch to record the time it takes for the wheel to make a complete rotation. Repeat the procedure several times to get an average time.
6. Calculate the angular velocity, period, and angular variations of the Ferris wheel.
7. Using the theory learned in the classroom, discuss the observations, how centripetal and centrifugal forces act on the Ferris wheel.

Project Deliverables

Students must deliver two main components:

1. The Ferris wheel model.
2. A written report.

In the report, students must:

• In the Introduction, contextualize UCM, its relevance, real-world applications, and the relationship with the practical activity developed.
• In the Development, students must briefly explain the UCM theory, provide a detailed description of how they built the Ferris wheel, and detail the methodology they used to generate their results. They must then present and discuss these results.
• In the Conclusion, they must revisit the main points of the report, address what they learned through the project, and draw conclusions about their experiences.
• In the Bibliography, they must reference all resources they used to learn about UCM and to help in the construction of the Ferris wheel.

Remember: the report should not only show that you did the activity. It should demonstrate that you learned about UCM from the activity.