Context

The work of electric force and uniform fields are essential topics in modern Physics, deeply interconnected with our daily lives. They have a variety of applications, from microscopic, such as the functioning of our cells, to macroscopic, like in the transmission of electric energy.

The electric force is a force that acts between charged particles. It is one of the fundamental forces of nature and is described by Coulomb's Law. The work of the electric force in a uniform electric field is very important and can be defined as the product of charges by the electric field by the displacement.

Uniform electric fields are generated by electric charges. Here, it is important to understand that in a uniform electric field, the electric force that a charge experiences is constant and equal to the product of the charge by the field intensity.

The study of these topics is not limited to their theoretical importance. They have a wide range of practical applications in engineering, medicine, information technology, and other sciences.

In electrical engineering, for example, understanding the work of the electric force in uniform fields is fundamental for the design and maintenance of electric power transmission lines and electronic devices. In medicine, the same knowledge is vital to understand and control the electrophysiological processes that occur in the cells of our body, being crucial for various medical procedures and diagnostics.

I recommend using the following sources to study and delve into these topics:

• Halliday, D., Resnick, R., & Walker, J. (2018). Fundamentals of Physics: Electromagnetism (Vol. 3). LTC Editora.
• Tipler, P., & Mosca, G. (2017). Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Electricity and Magnetism, Optics (Vol. 2). LTC Editora.

Practical Activity

Activity Title: Experiment of the Uniform Electric Field

Project Objective:

The objective of this project is to understand and visualize the concept of uniform electric field and the work of the electric force. Students will investigate and experiment with the relationship between electric force, work, and electric field.

Detailed Project Description:

Students will be divided into groups of 3 to 5 and will be tasked with creating a demonstrative experiment to understand and explain the uniform electric field and the work of the electric force. The experiment can be based on resources available at school, at home, or locally acquired. The idea is to be creative and demonstrate theory through practice.

Required Materials:

• Electricity conductors (wire, for example).
• Power source (battery).
• Small lamp (or LED).
• Millimeter paper.
• Ruler.
• Multimeter (or any other device capable of measuring electric current and voltage).

Don't forget: all electricity experiments must be supervised by an adult or teacher to ensure everyone's safety.

Detailed Step-by-Step for Activity Execution:

1. Plan the experiment: the group should gather to discuss and decide how to create the experiment that demonstrates the relationship between electric force, work, and electric field. The planning should include the necessary materials, safety procedures, and steps to be followed.

2. Perform the experiment: with the planning completed, the group should carry out the experiment. Record all observations and results.

3. Analyze the results: the group should analyze the results of the experiment. How do the results relate to the theory of the electric field and the work of the electric force? What can be learned from the experiment?

4. Prepare the report: the group should prepare a detailed project report, including the introduction, theory description, experiment details, and results analysis.

Project Deliverables

The group must submit the project after one month. The project submission consists of a detailed report covering:

• Introduction: students must contextualize the theme, its relevance and real-world application, as well as the objective of this project.

• Development: students must explain the theory of key concepts, describe the activity performed in detail, indicate the methodology used, and finally present and discuss the results obtained in this project.

• Conclusions: students must conclude the work by summarizing its main points, explaining the learnings obtained, and drawing conclusions about the project.

• Bibliography: students must indicate all sources they relied on to work on the project such as books, web pages, videos, etc.

The report must be submitted in written format and will be evaluated by the teacher. The teacher should analyze the students' report considering the understanding of the concepts, the accuracy in conducting the experiment, the analysis of the results, and the quality of the report's writing and presentation.