Question bank: Modern and Contemporary Philosophy

During the 17th and 18th centuries, modern philosophy was marked by an intense debate about the nature of knowledge and reality, culminating in the Enlightenment and the criticism of religious and monarchical authority. One of the central themes of this period was the 'search for truth' and the 'liberation of man through knowledge'. Based on the thought of Immanuel Kant, discuss the concept of 'maturity' (Aufklärung) and how it relates to the idea of autonomy of reason in contrast to tutelage. Then, analyze the following quote by Kant: 'Enlightened is the man who does not fear to follow his own reasoning, even if it leads him to challenge the norms established by tradition or current authority'. Evaluate the importance of this Kantian principle in contemporary times, considering the ethical and political challenges faced by democratic societies and the role of education in the formation of autonomous and critical citizens.

Modern Philosophy emerged in the context of the Renaissance and the Scientific Revolution, marking the beginning of modernity. Contemporary Philosophy, on the other hand, developed during a period marked by industrial, political, and ideological revolutions. Considering this brief overview, describe the main differences between Modern Philosophy and Contemporary Philosophy, and mention two representative philosophers from each period, explaining their main contributions to the development of philosophical thought.

In the context of modern and contemporary Philosophy, there were important transformations in the sciences, politics, and economy, which had a great influence on how philosophers approached and analyzed reality. Based on this scenario, which of the following historical events had the greatest impact on the development of philosophical thought from the 17th to the 19th centuries?

Comment on the construction of 'hypermodernity' in Lipovetsky's thought, considering the nuances of individualism and consumption in contemporary society.

In the 20th century, Frankfurt theorists shed light on a series of issues regarding the material world, culture, and consumption in society.