Question bank: Measure Sports

During an athletics competition, a group of 2nd-year high school students decided to investigate the performance in track and field sports and its relation to the laws of physics. In particular, they focused on high jump and shot put. In high jump, they observed that an athlete, weighing 70 kg, reached a height of 1.90 m in his best attempt, while in shot put, another athlete, with the same weight, threw a 7.26 kg weight a distance of 15.00 m. Considering that the acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.81 m/s² and that there was no significant air influence on the observed movements, calculate the mechanical energy involved in the movement of each athlete in their respective activities. Relate these values to the necessary muscular power and discuss how understanding these quantities can be applied to optimize the athletes' performance in track and field sports.

Considering the dynamics of a Rugby game, which consists of advancing on the opponent's field with an oval ball, and Newton's laws, which describe the interaction between force, mass, and acceleration, analyze a situation where a player, after receiving the ball, starts running in a straight line with constant acceleration. Describe what type of sport Rugby is, mentioning its distinctive characteristics and the usual scoring system, and explain, based on Newton's laws, how the player can apply forces to accelerate in order to overcome the resistance of other players in his path. Based on the application of the concept of force to the game of Rugby, discuss the importance of players' technique and physical strength in achieving results in the sport.

In the Olympics, mark sports are very popular and varied, encompassing competitions involving distances covered, such as athletics, to modalities that depend on throws and launches, such as javelin throwing. The mark achieved by an athlete in a mark sport competition, besides indicating their performance, is often related to a set of physics laws that directly influence the results obtained. Considering a javelin throw in which an athlete applies an initial force to propel the javelin and then it moves in a parabolic trajectory until it reaches the ground, gravitational force, air resistance, and the launch angle are crucial factors that determine the distance reached. Based on this contextualization, in the analysis of an experiment investigating the influence of the launch angle on the javelin's range, it is hypothesized that there is an optimal angle that maximizes the distance reached. Considering the knowledge of Physical Education and Physics and the performance of experimental measurements, how would you justify the validity of the proposed hypothesis and what would be the relationship between the launch angle and the horizontal projection of the javelin to achieve the greatest possible range?

In an athletics competition, javelin throwing is one of the events that requires precision, technique, and strength from the participants. Considering that the trajectory of the javelin is affected by various factors, including launch angle, initial force, and air resistance, athletes seek a complex balance between these elements to maximize the distance reached. Suppose an athlete is able to throw the javelin a distance 'd' from the launch point, forming an angle of 'θ' with the horizontal. 1) Discuss how the laws of projectile motion and javelin aerodynamics can be applied to optimize an athlete's performance in javelin throwing. 2) After several attempts, the athlete realizes that by adjusting the launch angle, he can achieve the maximum possible distance. What is this optimal angle and how can it be determined theoretically and experimentally?

In brand sports such as long jump and shot put, athletes seek to achieve the best possible mark within a set of regulated attempts. Considering a long jump athlete who, when performing his jump, must surpass a series of pre-established marks to obtain a score that allows him to advance to the final phase of the competition. If during the qualification phase the athlete achieves a valid jump that positions him among the best in his series, he advances to the final where he will have three more attempts. Based on the description of the qualification and final process in a long jump event and the rules governing this modality, explain how the winner is determined in a long jump competition and what factors can influence the athlete's performance in his attempts.