Question bank: Invasion Sports

Considering the concepts and characteristics of invasion sports, apply your knowledge of the common dynamics in sports such as soccer, basketball, rugby, and American football to analyze a practical situation. Imagine that you are part of a multidisciplinary team responsible for planning Physical Education classes for a group of children aged 6 to 8, with different levels of ability and prior knowledge of these sports. Based on this experience and considering pedagogical principles, describe how you would apply teaching strategies that promote inclusion and the development of motor and social skills. Additionally, explain how understanding the dynamics of these sports can contribute to planning activities that meet pedagogical objectives and the motor and cognitive progress of the students.

In invasion sports, the game dynamics revolve around gaining spaces on the field and players collaborating to penetrate the opposing defenses, relying on actions that combine strategy, skill, and strength. In basketball, for example, frequent tactical replanning and the ability to anticipate opponents' movements are crucial aspects for a team's success. Based on this context, consider an ongoing basketball game where team 'A' is losing by three points with 15 seconds remaining. Team 'A' has possession of the ball after a timeout, and the coach decides to call a second timeout to plan the final play. Analyzing the situation, what should be the most effective strategy for team 'A' to try to tie the score, considering possession of the ball and the remaining time?

Consider that you are giving an interdisciplinary class on Geometry and Physical Education, and you want to promote a reflection on the relationship between the physics of movement and the geometry present in the strategy and plays of invasion sports. Choose one of the following sports: basketball, soccer, handball, or futsal, and describe, using Geometry concepts such as angles, trajectories, and alignments, how the understanding of these concepts can be applied to optimize performance in a specific move of that sport. Also, explain how the application of these concepts can influence the effectiveness of the force and direction of a pass, kick, or shot. Then, justify the importance of this geometric understanding for the development of strategies and decision-making during the game.

During a study on game strategies in invasion sports, a group of 3rd-year high school students decided to analyze how variations in the launch angle and speed of a ball affect the trajectory and reach of a pass in different circumstances. They used the concept of oblique projectile motion from Physics, which describes the movement of an object projected both horizontally and vertically, and applied the laws of Analytical Geometry to model the trajectories with parametric equations. Considering a field of known dimensions and aiming to make a soccer pass that covers the greatest distance possible, without disregarding air resistance and assuming the field is flat and without inclination, the students need to determine the ideal conditions (launch angle and speed) for the pass. Additionally, they want to compare these conditions with those of a straight pass, disregarding air resistance. Based on the laws of Physics, describe the steps to solve this problem, justifying the choices made at each step and identifying the formulas or physical principles involved.

During a soccer match, a player takes a penalty kick from a distance of 12.0 m from the center of the goalpost, which has a width of 7.32 m. Considering the kick as an oblique projectile motion and neglecting air effects, determine the initial velocity with which the ball must be kicked so that, after covering half of the distance to the goal, its height is 2.44 m, passing exactly at the point where the height of the crossbar begins. Additionally, assuming a crosswind speed of 5.0 m/s, determine the direction in degrees at the moment of the kick so that the ball, after overcoming the influence of the wind and without further deviations, reaches the intersection of the crossbar and the vertical bar of the goal. Consider the coordinates (0,0) at the penalty kick launch point.