liberalism helped the Brazilian elite to free Brazil from the metropolis and ensure political and economic control of the nation;

According to Hobsbawm, 'from the perspective of liberal ideology, the nation (that is, the viable great nation) represents the stage of evolution reached in the mid-19th century. (...) the modern nation was part of liberal ideology.' HOBSBAWM, Eric. Nations and Nationalism since 1780. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1990. p. 51. Regarding liberalism in Brazil in the 19th century, we can say that:

In November, the world watched and celebrated a phenomenon considered very relevant to the history of the United States and the world: the election of Barack Obama, a black man, to the Presidency of the United States. This event was considered so relevant due to several others that marked the history of that country regarding ethnic, economic, and political issues. The propositions below refer to these themes. VII - The southern states of the United States had a colonization of exploitation, similar to that of Latin America, including predominantly slave labor. This explains the strong ethnic tensions in that region. IX- The economic, social, and political differences between the North and South intensified, mainly because the industrialized South demanded the end of slavery in the 19th century, contributing to the secession war. $$\mathbf{X}$$ - Racial struggles in the United States intensified in the 1960s, leading to the assassination of Martin Luther King, a pacifist, in 1968 while leading a campaign in defense of the rights of black people. Choose the correct alternative:

In November, the world watched and celebrated a phenomenon considered very relevant to the history of the United States and the world: the election of Barack Obama, a black man, to the Presidency of the United States. This event was considered so relevant due to several others that marked the history of that country regarding ethnic, economic, and political issues. The propositions below refer to these themes. VII - The southern states of the United States had a colonization of exploitation, similar to that of Latin America, including predominantly slave labor. This explains the strong ethnic tensions in that region. IX- The economic, social, and political differences between the North and South intensified, mainly because the industrialized South demanded the end of slavery in the 19th century, contributing to the secession war. 

 - Racial struggles in the United States intensified in the 1960s, leading to the assassination of Martin Luther King, a pacifist, in 1968 while leading a campaign in defense of the rights of black people. Choose the correct alternative:

The correct alternative is "propositions i and iii are true". The first proposition states that the southern states of the United States had a colonization of exploitation, similar to that of Latin America, including predominantly slave labor, which explains the strong ethnic tensions in that region. This is true because the colonization of the southern United States was based on the exploitation of natural resources, like in Latin America, and the use of slave labor, mainly from Africans. The second proposition states that the economic, social, and political differences between the North and South intensified, mainly because the industrialized South demanded the end of slavery in the 19th century, contributing to the secession war. This is false because the secession war was mainly caused by the dispute between the Northern and Southern states over the expansion of slavery into western territories. The third proposition states that racial struggles in the United States intensified in the 1960s, leading to the assassination of Martin Luther King, a pacifist, in 1968 while leading a campaign in defense of the rights of black people. This is true because racial struggles in the United States did intensify in the 1960s, and Martin Luther King was indeed assassinated in 1968 while leading a campaign in defense of the rights of black people.

During the 19th century, America experienced an intense process of political and social transformations, with the independence of several nations and the consolidation of new states. These changes were marked by internal conflicts and external influences that shaped the political culture and economy of the region. Considering the context of the Americas in the 19th century and the thoughts of authors such as Simón Bolívar and José Martí, discuss the formation of states, social dynamics, and economic interactions of the period. Evaluate to what extent the pursuit of national identity and sovereignty can be understood as a unique process or subject to generalizations for the different countries of the continent. In your response, use specific examples of American nations and analyze the possible contemporary consequences of these processes for the political configuration of Latin America.

the conflict was disastrous for the southern United States, with economic collapse and social disintegration.

The American Civil War began in April 1861, when the Southerners attacked and took Fort Sumter in the Charleston Bay (South Carolina). The conviction that both sides had that the war would be quick soon faded. The Confederate army, although smaller and less equipped than the Union's, achieved successive victories between 1861 and 1862.

Question bank: America in the 19th Century

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