(UFSCAR 2007) - Question Hard of History

Restoration is the name of the regime established in France for fifteen years, from 1815 to 1830, but this denomination applies to all of Europe. It is multiple and applies to all aspects of social and political life.

Imagine you have a time machine and can visit children from 100 years ago. These children do not have video games, cell phones, or tablets. Describe to them one of your favorite games or activities nowadays. Now, ask them to teach you a game or activity they used to play. What is this game like? Which one do you find more fun and why?

In a large number of countries and regions around the world, the 60s were characterized by the development of new forms of political expression and new social movements. The protagonists of these movements were diverse, but they had a common and initially surprising trait for many: they came from social groups different from those populating the worker, socialist, or communist movements of the 'Old Left'. They also had very different interests and demands from previous revolutionary movements. Whether they were young Germans fighting against aspects of their country's fascist past, French students in revolt against authoritarian aspects of French universities, or young Americans opposed to the Vietnam War, these people had a vision of total social transformation, but very different from the one centered on seizing state power or appropriating the means of production by the industrial proletariat, through the action of political parties acting on behalf of others. It could be the 'last great utopia', as many claim, but they stood out for a vision of transformation that, instead of subjugating the individual to the collectivity (as brutally happened in countries under Stalinist regime), started from the transformation of the individual and everyday social relations to dream and establish new forms of anti-hierarchical and anti-bureaucratic collective organization.

During the Renaissance, Humanism contributed to the development of new ways of thinking and acting in European society, based on Classical Antiquity. Among the main contributions of Humanism is: