(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of History

During the late Middle Ages and the dawn of the Modern Age, Europe experienced significant shifts in its power dynamics with the rise of Nation-States. This transition was marked by the strengthening of the centralized authority of monarchs and the establishment of clear territorial boundaries. Reflecting on the impact of these changes on contemporary politics, how did the emergence of Nation-States shape the understanding of sovereignty and the political landscape of European countries during that period?

The 1st Industrial Revolution, which kicked off in England during the 18th century, ushered in a major shift in how goods were produced, moving away from farming and handmade goods towards a more industrial and mechanised approach. This transformation not only changed economic frameworks but also had a significant impact on labour relations and how society was structured. With these changes in mind, what was one of the direct effects of the 1st Industrial Revolution on the workplace and society?

The ancient kingdoms of Kush, Axum, and Ghana were pivotal in shaping the history of Africa during ancient and medieval times, each bringing its own unique attributes and impact on trade routes and political affairs in the region. The Kingdom of Kush is especially notable for its relationship with Egypt and its expertise in metallurgy. Meanwhile, Axum functioned as a key trade hub that linked the Roman Empire with the East. Ghana, on the other hand, was renowned for its immense wealth in gold and its advanced political organisation. With this background in mind, which of the following options best illustrates how these kingdoms shaped international trade relations in ancient times and the Middle Ages?