(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Easy of History

Between the 7th and 8th centuries, Islam emerged and swiftly spread from the Arabian Peninsula, propelled by military campaigns and the growth of a new faith. This expansion led to the establishment of a vast empire that spanned from India to southern Europe. A key event during this period was the invasion of the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD, spearheaded by Tariq ibn Ziyad. Given the far-reaching effects of this expansion, how did the Islamic conquest shape culture and society in the Iberian Peninsula during the era of Muslim governance?

The ancient kingdoms of Kush, Axum, and Ghana were pivotal in shaping the history of Africa during ancient and medieval times, each bringing its own unique attributes and impact on trade routes and political affairs in the region. The Kingdom of Kush is especially notable for its relationship with Egypt and its expertise in metallurgy. Meanwhile, Axum functioned as a key trade hub that linked the Roman Empire with the East. Ghana, on the other hand, was renowned for its immense wealth in gold and its advanced political organisation. With this background in mind, which of the following options best illustrates how these kingdoms shaped international trade relations in ancient times and the Middle Ages?

Islam originated in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century, with the revelations received by Muhammad, which laid the foundation for the Quran. Following Muhammad's passing, Islam quickly spread through military conquests and political alliances, leading to the establishment of caliphates that became significant centres of power and culture during the Middle Ages. Reflect on how this expansion influenced the political and social fabric of the era. What was one of the primary effects of the formation of the caliphates in the context of the Middle Ages?