(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Medium of History

During the period known as the 'Revolution of the Modern States', the political fragmentation characteristic of the Middle Ages gave way to centralized structures of power, with monarchs emerging as unifying figures of increasingly defined nations. This process not only reconfigured the political map of Europe but also deeply impacted social and economic organization, transforming the relationship between rulers and the ruled. In 'The Foundations of Power and Wealth', historian Norman Davies states that 'The emergence of modern states was not only the result of political and military forces, but also reflected a change in mentalities and methods of governance.' Considering the context presented and Davies' quote, develop a discursive essay addressing the following points: 1) Explain how the formation of European nation-states altered power dynamics and the political organization of the continent. 2) Discuss the social implications and the new governance paradigm that emerged with the centralization of power in the hands of monarchs and the transition to a more 'national' government.

The 1st Industrial Revolution, which kicked off in England during the 18th century, ushered in a major shift in how goods were produced, moving away from farming and handmade goods towards a more industrial and mechanised approach. This transformation not only changed economic frameworks but also had a significant impact on labour relations and how society was structured. With these changes in mind, what was one of the direct effects of the 1st Industrial Revolution on the workplace and society?

During the late Middle Ages and the dawn of the Modern Age, Europe experienced significant shifts in its power dynamics with the rise of Nation-States. This transition was marked by the strengthening of the centralized authority of monarchs and the establishment of clear territorial boundaries. Reflecting on the impact of these changes on contemporary politics, how did the emergence of Nation-States shape the understanding of sovereignty and the political landscape of European countries during that period?