(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Medium of Physical Education

Many people confuse the concepts of physical activity and exercise, although they are related, they have important differences. Explain the difference between physical exercise and physical activity and propose two alternatives of physical exercises that can be practiced within the school environment and two other activities that can be practiced outside the school environment.

In Physical Education class, 2nd grade students were challenged to practice a sport that requires precision and motor coordination. Using a lighter dart adapted to their age, they should throw it towards a target painted on the ground, trying to hit the center. The teacher noticed that many students were having difficulty adjusting the throwing force to hit the desired target, so he decided to teach a strategy. He explained that to hit the center of the target, it was necessary to consider the distance, the weight of the dart, and the thrower's strength. Taking these aspects into account, the teacher asked the students to calculate the ideal launch angle so that the dart would cover most of the distance in the air, staying close to the ground, thus avoiding significant deviation in its trajectory caused by gravitational force. As the students were learning about the effects of gravity and the influence of parabolic trajectory on throws, the teacher introduced the following question: 'If a student must throw the dart a distance of 5 meters, and considering that the dart will be thrown from a height that does not significantly affect its range, what should be the launch angle for the dart to hit the ground as close as possible to the target without surpassing it?'

Football, as a global socio-sporting phenomenon, has rules that not only regulate the game itself, but also reflect cultural and social values of different communities. Considering the complexity and historical richness of the sport, knowledge about its rules and evolution is essential for a deeper appreciation of the game. As sports philosopher Johan H. Evenepoel points out, 'Sports rules are, above all, cultural rules that reflect the history and values of a particular community.' Based on this statement, write a text where you: 1) Explain the importance of rules in football and how they relate to cultural and historical aspects of the sport; 2) Discuss the evolution of a specific rule in football over time, highlighting how this change reflected the needs or values of the society at that time.

Volleyball, created in the late 19th century by William G. Morgan in the United States, quickly spread around the world, becoming one of the most popular sports in terms of participation and spectators. With its complex strategies, varied game dynamics, and demand for specific physical and technical skills, volleyball is a sport rich in details. In a volleyball match, reading the game is fundamental to anticipate and react to opponents' actions, and the players' positions on the court play a crucial role in this aspect. Consider a situation where a team is devising its game strategy to overcome a notoriously strong opponent in blocking. The coach, knowing well the capabilities of his athletes, decides to position the middle blocker, who has good blocking ability, in a position that historically offers a tactical advantage in direct confrontation with the opposing opposite hitter, who accelerates his jumping ability. Analyzing the interaction between the laws of physics and the biomechanics of the human body, determine the ideal position of the middle blocker in relation to the net at the moment when the opposing attacker is most likely to touch the ball to overcome the block, considering that both players are in ideal conditions to execute their actions and disregarding any effects of wind or other external variables.