(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Hard of Sciences

What are the problems caused by the standardization of crops?

In the solutions used in laboratories, the concentrations of ions $$\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{O}^{+}$$ are usually small and a simple way to express the hydrogenionic concentration of a solution is through pH. Solutions of weak acids and bases present, in solution, an equilibrium between the various particles and, in this case, we have the equilibrium constant, that is, the ionization constant. A solution of $$1.10^{-3} \mathrm{mol}^{-1}$$ of bromoacetic acid $$\left(\mathrm{BrCH}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H}\right)$$ has an ionization constant equal to $$6.3.10^{-5} \mathrm{e}$$ and a solution of $$1.10^{-3} \mathrm{mol}^{-1}$$ of 4-chlorobenzoic acid $$\left(\mathrm{ClC}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{CO}_{2} \mathrm{H}\right)$$ has an ionization constant of $$1.0.10^{-4}$$. Given the following statements, I. 4-chlorobenzoic acid has a higher $$\mathrm{pH}$$ than bromoacetic acid. II. Bromoacetic acid is weaker than 4-chlorobenzoic acid. III. Since the concentrations are equal, both acids have the same $$\mathrm{pH}$$. IV. Bromoacetic acid has a higher $$\mathrm{pH}$$ than 4-chlorobenzoic acid. v. 4-chlorobenzoic acid is weaker than bromoacetic acid. It is verified that only ii and iv are correct.

Imagine that you and your family went camping near a lake for the weekend. Looking at the lake, you remembered that the water there could have passed through many places and been in different forms. Think about the sun heating the lake water, it turning into vapor and rising to the sky, the clouds loaded with vapor, and then the rain falling back into the lake. Describe what happens to the water during this journey, from the lake evaporated by the sun to the rain falling back into the lake, and explain the role of the sun in the water cycle.

The lunar eclipse can also be called 'Blood Moon' due to its reddish color during the event. This coloration occurs due to the light from stars and planets passing through the Earth's atmosphere and reaching the lunar surface, being called diffuse light or twilight light. What are the main elements present in the Earth's atmosphere responsible for this coloration?