(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Biology

The figure below represents a food web in a terrestrial environment.

The excreta produced by animals also help maintain environmental health as they serve as a source of nutrients for other living beings present in the animal's environment, thus contributing to the naturally established food chain in that ecosystem. What is the main function of these excreta in this context?

One of the main structures of cells is the plasma membrane, responsible for delimiting the internal and external cellular environment. Regarding the structure and function of the plasma membrane, mark the correct alternative:

In a genetics experiment, a Biology teacher challenged his 3rd-year high school students to analyze a pea plant that exhibits two characteristics: seed color and seed texture. Seed color can be yellow (AA or Aa) or green (aa), and seed texture can be smooth (TT or Tt) or wrinkled (tt). These characteristics are determined by genes on different chromosomes, so they segregate independently, following Mendel's 2nd Law. The teacher challenges the students to determine the expected phenotypic and genotypic ratios in the F2 (second generation) of a cross between two plants that are heterozygous for both characteristics. Additionally, he asks the students to relate the concept of independent assortment to Mendelian inheritance principles. Based on this information: 1. Calculate the expected phenotypic and genotypic ratios in the F2 of the proposed cross. 2. Explain how the independent segregation of alleles for each characteristic relates to Mendel's 2nd Law and how this principle influences the determination of ratios in the F2.