(UNIVESP 2020) - Question Medium of Biology

The figure below represents a food web in a terrestrial environment.

Discuss the main differences between vertebrate and invertebrate animals in terms of structural organization and skeleton development. Relate these characteristics to the resilience of different animal groups to environmental changes, such as habitat alteration due to natural events or human action. Furthermore, explain how knowledge of these differences can be applied in conservation and management programs of threatened species, considering the importance of the skeleton in locomotion and adaptation to the environment.

The tissues of the human body perform specific functions and are organized into systems that ensure the organism's homeostasis. Imagine that a scientist, while studying the effects of a disease that affects skeletal muscle tissue, observed that, as a result of the disease, the contraction capacity of the muscle fibers was compromised. Based on this situation, describe: 1) The relationship between the structure of muscle fibers and their contractile function, including the main cellular components involved in this process. 2) Explain how a change in a tissue such as skeletal muscle can affect the functioning of other systems in the human body, considering the interdependence between tissues and systems for the maintenance of health.

Proteins are biomolecules of great importance for the functioning of living beings, performing various functions in the body, such as structural, enzymatic, hormonal, among others. Their basic structure is formed by amino acids. Taking this into consideration, which of the following alternatives presents the bond between the amino acids that form a protein?