(ESPM 2019) - Question Medium of Geography

Africa is a continent marked by incredible geographical diversity, featuring a range of climates from dry deserts to vibrant tropical forests. This environmental variety directly affects the living conditions and economic activities of the people who call it home. When we look at Africa in relation to other continents, like Europe and Asia, there are notable differences in social and economic dynamics shaped by the region's natural and historical context. Keeping this in mind, which of the following options best illustrates how Africa's geographical characteristics influence its social and economic structures when compared to other continents?

Europe, while being one of the smallest continents in terms of land area, showcases a remarkable diversity in its environmental, social, and economic features. This variety is evident in aspects such as how people are spread out, varying levels of economic growth, and climate conditions that shape the lifestyles of Europeans. Given these traits, which alternative best illustrates how physical geography and history have shaped Europe's unique economic development in comparison to other continents?

The theory of continental drift, introduced by Alfred Wegener in the early 20th century, fundamentally changed our understanding of how continents formed. According to this theory, the continents were originally part of a supercontinent called Pangea, which started to break apart around 200 million years ago. Considering the role of tectonic plates in this process, what are the key pieces of evidence backing the theory of continental drift, and how does this play out in our current geography?