(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Hard of History

Mesopotamia, the cradle of civilization, was the scene of a remarkable human advancement that was reflected in various areas of knowledge and social organization. Cuneiform writing, innovation in irrigation systems, and the development of legal codes, such as the Code of Hammurabi, are examples of how this region was a pioneer in many aspects. From the texts of Berossus, a Babylonian historian from the third century B.C., it is possible to trace relationships between Mesopotamian mythology and astronomy, demonstrating how a cosmological view can influence the social and political organization of a society. Considering this interdisciplinary approach between history and astronomy, analyze the following excerpt from Berossus: 'The Babylonians believed that each star, when it rose, became the guardian of a cosmic entity, and that the gods, in their essence, manifested themselves in the firmament as a code for governance on earth, reflecting their laws and the ideal social order.' Based on this perspective, write a discursive text addressing the following questions: 1) Explain how the organization of astronomical knowledge was reflected in the social structure and political power of Mesopotamian civilizations. 2) Critically evaluate, based on historical and astronomical knowledge, the relevance and legacy of these beliefs for the initial development of legal codes and for understanding the importance of centralized government in that society.