(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Medium of History

During the period known as the Protestant Reformation, Europe witnessed a series of movements that challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of various churches and religious traditions. This process was not only theological but also responded to a complex social and political conjuncture. Eric Hobsbawm, in his work 'The Age of Revolution: 1789-1848,' highlights that 'None of the great secondary revolutions of the modern world has its origin entirely within the religious field; all are also political and social, and the Reformation is the classic example' (Hobsbawm, 1962). Considering the context of the Protestant Reformation, answer: (1) What were the main political and social factors that contributed to the break with the Catholic Church and the rise of Protestant movements in Europe? (2) How did these factors reflect on the creation and spread of different Protestant traditions, and how did such traditions influence the social and political configuration of the countries where they established?