(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of History

History is a discipline that aims to make sense of human actions throughout time, examining events, memories, and the cultures of various societies. Consider how crucial collective memory is in maintaining the cultural identity of a community. In what ways can history, as a field of study, shape how a society refreshes and appreciates its collective memory, aiding in the development of its cultural identity?

The ancient kingdoms of Kush, Axum, and Ghana were pivotal in shaping the history of Africa during ancient and medieval times, each bringing its own unique attributes and impact on trade routes and political affairs in the region. The Kingdom of Kush is especially notable for its relationship with Egypt and its expertise in metallurgy. Meanwhile, Axum functioned as a key trade hub that linked the Roman Empire with the East. Ghana, on the other hand, was renowned for its immense wealth in gold and its advanced political organisation. With this background in mind, which of the following options best illustrates how these kingdoms shaped international trade relations in ancient times and the Middle Ages?