(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Hard of History

During the late Middle Ages and the dawn of the Modern Age, Europe experienced significant shifts in its power dynamics with the rise of Nation-States. This transition was marked by the strengthening of the centralized authority of monarchs and the establishment of clear territorial boundaries. Reflecting on the impact of these changes on contemporary politics, how did the emergence of Nation-States shape the understanding of sovereignty and the political landscape of European countries during that period?

Islam originated in the Arabian Peninsula in the 7th century, with the revelations received by Muhammad, which laid the foundation for the Quran. Following Muhammad's passing, Islam quickly spread through military conquests and political alliances, leading to the establishment of caliphates that became significant centres of power and culture during the Middle Ages. Reflect on how this expansion influenced the political and social fabric of the era. What was one of the primary effects of the formation of the caliphates in the context of the Middle Ages?

During the 19th century, European imperialism extended its reach into Asia, driven by economic, political, and social interests. Nations such as Britain, France, and the Netherlands set up colonies and spheres of influence, deeply affecting the geopolitics and social frameworks of the continent. The exploitation of local resources and the imposition of Western cultures caused tensions and conflicts that continue to resonate today. With this backdrop, what do you think was the primary geopolitical impact of European imperialism in Asia and how did it shape international relations in the region during the 20th century?