(ENEM 2015) - Question Hard of History

During World War II, the emergence of totalitarian regimes and the signing of various diplomatic agreements dramatically reshaped the European political landscape. This period set off a chain of conflicts and battles that would ultimately define the war's trajectory. The technology available at the time also had a significant impact, introducing innovations that drastically changed military strategies. With these considerations in mind, what would you say was the key factor that sparked the beginning of World War II, underscoring the intricate web of international relations and the motivations behind the alliances forged during this era?

Between the 7th and 8th centuries, Islam emerged and swiftly spread from the Arabian Peninsula, propelled by military campaigns and the growth of a new faith. This expansion led to the establishment of a vast empire that spanned from India to southern Europe. A key event during this period was the invasion of the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD, spearheaded by Tariq ibn Ziyad. Given the far-reaching effects of this expansion, how did the Islamic conquest shape culture and society in the Iberian Peninsula during the era of Muslim governance?

History is a discipline that aims to grasp human behaviour over time, interpreting events from the past and their impact on society today. It's vital to consider how memory and culture play a part in creating and preserving historical narratives. In what ways does history deepen our understanding of cultural and social shifts over the years?