(FTT 2022) - Question Medium of History

Question 56. To answer the question, read the following text: "(...) has 46 kilometers in length by six to ten in width, next to the Mediterranean. (...) 1,200,000 Palestinians live in almost 60% of the territory. It is one of the most densely populated regions in the world. Israel controls 62% of the lands, including the colonies, military bases, and buffer zones, but Israeli settlers number only six thousand, representing just 5% of the population (...). Of every four inhabitants (...), three are refugees, expelled from their homes in 1948 by the Israelis, or descendants of these expelled Palestinians." (DERRIDA, J. et. all. Journey to Palestine. Rio de Janeiro: Ediouro, 2004, p. 150). Based on the described characteristics, the area mentioned in the text corresponds to:

The independence of Haiti in 1804 was an important milestone for Latin America, resulting from a long struggle led by Toussaint Louverture and Jean-Jacques Dessalines. In addition to being the first independent republic in Latin America, the Haitian Revolution also stood out for which fundamental characteristic?

During the period known as the 'Revolution of the Modern States', the political fragmentation characteristic of the Middle Ages gave way to centralized structures of power, with monarchs emerging as unifying figures of increasingly defined nations. This process not only reconfigured the political map of Europe but also deeply impacted social and economic organization, transforming the relationship between rulers and the ruled. In 'The Foundations of Power and Wealth', historian Norman Davies states that 'The emergence of modern states was not only the result of political and military forces, but also reflected a change in mentalities and methods of governance.' Considering the context presented and Davies' quote, develop a discursive essay addressing the following points: 1) Explain how the formation of European nation-states altered power dynamics and the political organization of the continent. 2) Discuss the social implications and the new governance paradigm that emerged with the centralization of power in the hands of monarchs and the transition to a more 'national' government.

Imagine you are the leader of a newly discovered island. You need to create rules and structures to organize the lives of the people who will live on this island. Describe what would be the three main rules you would establish and explain why you chose each one. How do you think these rules would help create a 'State' on your island?