(Fundação de Estudos Inaciana 2019) - Question Medium of History

Question 56. To answer the question, read the following text: "(...) has 46 kilometers in length by six to ten in width, next to the Mediterranean. (...) 1,200,000 Palestinians live in almost 60% of the territory. It is one of the most densely populated regions in the world. Israel controls 62% of the lands, including the colonies, military bases, and buffer zones, but Israeli settlers number only six thousand, representing just 5% of the population (...). Of every four inhabitants (...), three are refugees, expelled from their homes in 1948 by the Israelis, or descendants of these expelled Palestinians." (DERRIDA, J. et. all. Journey to Palestine. Rio de Janeiro: Ediouro, 2004, p. 150). Based on the described characteristics, the area mentioned in the text corresponds to:

What was the greatest discovery made by the Spanish colonizers in America?

The Cuban Revolution, led by Fidel Castro and Che Guevara, resulted in the overthrow of dictator Fulgencio Batista's regime and the establishment of a socialist government in Cuba. Considering the context and outcomes of the Cuban Revolution, what motivated the main leaders of the movement to promote the revolution?

During the period known as the 'Revolution of the Modern States', the political fragmentation characteristic of the Middle Ages gave way to centralized structures of power, with monarchs emerging as unifying figures of increasingly defined nations. This process not only reconfigured the political map of Europe but also deeply impacted social and economic organization, transforming the relationship between rulers and the ruled. In 'The Foundations of Power and Wealth', historian Norman Davies states that 'The emergence of modern states was not only the result of political and military forces, but also reflected a change in mentalities and methods of governance.' Considering the context presented and Davies' quote, develop a discursive essay addressing the following points: 1) Explain how the formation of European nation-states altered power dynamics and the political organization of the continent. 2) Discuss the social implications and the new governance paradigm that emerged with the centralization of power in the hands of monarchs and the transition to a more 'national' government.