(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Hard of History

Question 56. To answer the question, read the following text: "(...) has 46 kilometers in length by six to ten in width, next to the Mediterranean. (...) 1,200,000 Palestinians live in almost 60% of the territory. It is one of the most densely populated regions in the world. Israel controls 62% of the lands, including the colonies, military bases, and buffer zones, but Israeli settlers number only six thousand, representing just 5% of the population (...). Of every four inhabitants (...), three are refugees, expelled from their homes in 1948 by the Israelis, or descendants of these expelled Palestinians." (DERRIDA, J. et. all. Journey to Palestine. Rio de Janeiro: Ediouro, 2004, p. 150). Based on the described characteristics, the area mentioned in the text corresponds to:

During the period known as the 'Revolution of the Modern States', the political fragmentation characteristic of the Middle Ages gave way to centralized structures of power, with monarchs emerging as unifying figures of increasingly defined nations. This process not only reconfigured the political map of Europe but also deeply impacted social and economic organization, transforming the relationship between rulers and the ruled. In 'The Foundations of Power and Wealth', historian Norman Davies states that 'The emergence of modern states was not only the result of political and military forces, but also reflected a change in mentalities and methods of governance.' Considering the context presented and Davies' quote, develop a discursive essay addressing the following points: 1) Explain how the formation of European nation-states altered power dynamics and the political organization of the continent. 2) Discuss the social implications and the new governance paradigm that emerged with the centralization of power in the hands of monarchs and the transition to a more 'national' government.

URCA/2012.2 - The Enlightenment had as its main characteristic the use of reason as the basic principle for the understanding of all phenomena. The so-called philosophers of the Enlightenment questioned the monarchy of divine origin and stated that the basis of social and political organization was in individualism. Relate the precursors of the Enlightenment movement to their main ideas. I. Isaac Newton II. Immanuel Kant III. René Descartes IV. John Locke ( ) Author of the phrase 'I think, therefore I am,' created the deductive method. Initiator of the movement known as rationalism. His main work was 'Discourse on the Method.' ( ) Wrote the book Second Treatise of Government: An Essay concerning the true original, extent, and end of Civil Government, in which he criticized despotic power and stated that the State and politics should exist to provide men with a better society to live in. ( ) Studied the laws of the Universe that governed the physical world, such as gravity or inertia. Defended the thesis that the universe was not static, but in continuous motion, with science being responsible for researching and describing the physical laws that governed it. ( ) Considered the last great philosopher of the principles of the modern era. He wrote, among other works, the Critique of Practical Reason, in which he discusses the principles of moral action, human action in relation to others, and the pursuit of happiness. The correct sequence is:

What was the greatest discovery made by the Spanish colonizers in America?