(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Easy of History

During the Middle Ages, the power of monarchs in Europe was often limited by other powers, such as the nobility and the Church, resulting in a more shared government. However, the emergence of absolutism represented an important change in this scenario, concentrating power in the hands of the king. Jean Bodin, a political theorist of the 16th century, advocated the idea of absolute sovereignty, considering it as the 'power and supreme authority to give laws'. From this perspective, the monarch should not be subjected to any law or human will other than that of God's. Based on this historical context and Bodin's quote, answer: 1) What were the main factors that contributed to the strengthening of absolutist monarchies in Europe between the Middle Ages and Modernity? 2) How does Jean Bodin's theory reflect this new role of the monarch and the changes in the functioning of political power?