(IFPR 2020) - Question Medium of History

Read the text to answer the question. Trump signs decree changing American policy with Cuba. São Paulo and Washington - President Donald Trump defended the economic embargo of the United States against Cuba and conditioned advances in the bilateral relationship to political changes on the island towards free elections, release of political prisoners, and respect for freedom of expression. 'I am canceling the completely unilateral agreement of the last administration with Cuba,' he declared in a speech held this Friday, 16, in Miami. Despite the statement, Trump only reviewed specific issues of the policy announced by Barack Obama on December 17, 2014. The changes end the possibility of individual trips to the island and prohibit spending in tourist establishments controlled by the Army and by the country's intelligence and security sectors. 'Profits from tourism went directly to the armed forces,' he said. In addition to reversing these points, the major transformation was in tone and in signaling the future of the bilateral relationship. While Obama advocated for lifting the embargo, Trump promised to reinforce it. The rhetorical aggressiveness against the government of Raúl Castro also indicates a slowdown in the pace of normalization of bilateral relations. One of the objectives of the new agreement, explained Trump, is to ensure that the Cuban population benefits directly. However, the American president sought to emphasize that 'atrocities' committed since the beginning of the Castro brothers' regime will not be tolerated and insinuated that the government of Barack Obama neglected the practice of crimes against the island's population. <http://tinyurl.com/y8ol93q4> Accessed on: 06/17/2017. Adapted.

What was the greatest discovery made by the Spanish colonizers in America?

During the Late Antiquity period, the Western Roman Empire faced a series of challenges that culminated in its fall, leaving a legacy of conflicts and transformations for the medieval period. Contemporary historians point out that the complex relationship with the barbarian peoples not only reflected the military and economic pressure on the empire but also evidenced the social and cultural transformation that accompanied the expansion of Christianity. In 'The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,' Edward Gibbon highlights: 'the introduction of Christianity had ambiguous effects on Roman life and was one of the main causes of the Empire's decline.' Considering the presented context and the interdisciplinarity between History and Philosophy, and reflecting on the influence of Christian thought in Western Roman society and the determining factors for the empire's fall, analyze the following excerpt from Saint Augustine, one of the main exponents of Christian thought at the time: 'The City of God must oppose the City of Men, and what is praiseworthy in the city opposes what is condemnable in the City of Men.' Based on Augustinian thought and historical knowledge about the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, discuss how the advancement of Christianity and Augustine's dualistic interpretation contributed to the perception of crisis within Roman society and to the redefinition of cultural and territorial boundaries in the transition period to the Middle Ages.

During the Renaissance, Humanism contributed to the development of new ways of thinking and acting in European society, based on Classical Antiquity. Among the main contributions of Humanism is: