(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Hard of History

During the 20th and early 21st centuries, the world witnessed the emergence of various organizations and movements classified as terrorists, many of which operated globally and challenged international security structures. Terrorism, by definition, has multiple and complex roots, including political, social, and religious motivations, and often operates in conflict and instability environments. However, the fight against terrorism has also evolved, with responses ranging from direct military actions to diplomatic and cybersecurity strategies. Taking into account the historical and geographical context, analyze the following excerpt from Hanhimäki and Blumenau (2009): 'The attacks of September 11, 2001 marked the beginning of a new era in international politics, reshaping alliances and triggering a 'war on terror' led by the United States. However, the effectiveness and consequences of this strategy have sparked intense academic and political debates, raising questions about sovereignty, human rights, and global justice.' Based on this reflection: 1) Explain how the historical context and geopolitical dynamics of the 20th century influenced the emergence and spread of global terrorism. 2) Evaluate the ethical and legal implications of the counterterrorism strategies adopted by world powers, considering the principles of sovereignty and human rights.