(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Medium of History

During the Cold War, Latin America was the scene of a series of military dictatorships supported or tolerated by the United States under the pretext of fighting the advance of communism. These dictatorships, characterized by political repression and human rights violations, left a legacy of instability and social conflict in several countries in the region. Historian John D. French, in his work 'Ditaduras no Brasil e na América Latina: Da Independência ao Século XXI', highlights: 'The pursuit of a supposed global balance of power often outweighed democratic principles and respect for national sovereignty in Latin American countries.' Based on this contextualization and the author's citation, answer: (1) In what context and how did the influence of the United States manifest itself in the emergence and maintenance of dictatorships in Latin America? (2) How did the lack of respect for national sovereignty and the prioritization of international geopolitical interests contribute to the worsening of internal social and political tensions in Latin American countries under dictatorial regimes?