(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Medium of Physical Education

In Physical Education class, 2nd grade students were challenged to practice a sport that requires precision and motor coordination. Using a lighter dart adapted to their age, they should throw it towards a target painted on the ground, trying to hit the center. The teacher noticed that many students were having difficulty adjusting the throwing force to hit the desired target, so he decided to teach a strategy. He explained that to hit the center of the target, it was necessary to consider the distance, the weight of the dart, and the thrower's strength. Taking these aspects into account, the teacher asked the students to calculate the ideal launch angle so that the dart would cover most of the distance in the air, staying close to the ground, thus avoiding significant deviation in its trajectory caused by gravitational force. As the students were learning about the effects of gravity and the influence of parabolic trajectory on throws, the teacher introduced the following question: 'If a student must throw the dart a distance of 5 meters, and considering that the dart will be thrown from a height that does not significantly affect its range, what should be the launch angle for the dart to hit the ground as close as possible to the target without surpassing it?'

Regular practice of sports has been widely encouraged as a way to promote health and well-being in people's lives. Based on the benefits and possible negative impacts of sports on the human body, explain why sports practice is healthy and mention two benefits and two negative impacts that may occur if sports are practiced inappropriately.

Have you ever heard that dance can be considered a Historical Heritage? Research about a dance that is considered a historical heritage in our country. Describe the chosen dance, explain why it is considered a historical heritage, and how it contributes to physical activities and Brazilian culture.

During an athletics competition, a group of 2nd-year high school students decided to investigate the performance in track and field sports and its relation to the laws of physics. In particular, they focused on high jump and shot put. In high jump, they observed that an athlete, weighing 70 kg, reached a height of 1.90 m in his best attempt, while in shot put, another athlete, with the same weight, threw a 7.26 kg weight a distance of 15.00 m. Considering that the acceleration due to gravity is approximately 9.81 m/s² and that there was no significant air influence on the observed movements, calculate the mechanical energy involved in the movement of each athlete in their respective activities. Relate these values to the necessary muscular power and discuss how understanding these quantities can be applied to optimize the athletes' performance in track and field sports.