(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Medium of Sciences

Consider the formation of hydrogen chloride (HCl) and sodium chloride (NaCl), two compounds of fundamental importance in different contexts. Hydrogen chloride is a colorless gas at room temperature, soluble in water, while sodium chloride is a crystalline solid also soluble in water, commonly known as table salt. When analyzing their structures, we realize that HCl is a molecule formed by a covalent bond, while NaCl is an ionic compound. Based on this information and considering the concepts of covalent and ionic chemical bonds: 1. Describe the process of forming a covalent bond and an ionic bond, highlighting the fundamental differences between them. 2. Explain how the distinct physical properties of the two mentioned compounds (HCl and NaCl) can be attributed to the differences in the types of bonds that unite them.