(Originais Teachy 2024) - Question Hard of Sciences

In Brazil, the most frequent cancer is skin cancer, accounting for about 25% of all tumors diagnosed in all geographical regions. Natural ultraviolet radiation from the sun is its major etiological agent.

The evolution of the Solar System is a complex process that involves the formation of stars, planets, and other celestial bodies from a large cloud of gas and dust. Studying this evolution not only expands our knowledge of the cosmos but also allows us to understand fundamental aspects of physics and chemistry. On the other hand, ancient cultures developed mythologies and interpretations about the origin and evolution of celestial bodies, often based on astronomical observations and their own traditions. Considering the historical and scientific context, describe the evolution of the Solar System from its beginning in a molecular cloud to the formation and stabilization of planets. Explain how the observations and interpretations of ancient cultures can be related to this evolutionary process, even though they did not have the scientific knowledge we have today.

When the leaves fall from the trees, they begin to decompose on the forest floor. This decomposition process is very important for nature, as it releases nutrients that were stored in the leaves back into the soil. Fungi and bacteria play a key role in this stage of the life cycle, acting as decomposers. An experiment was conducted in a forest area where leaves from different trees were collected. Each set of leaves was placed in a separate container and kept under suitable conditions to observe decomposition. The experiment lasted several weeks and the students regularly noted the changes that occurred. At the end of the experiment, they compared the decomposition state of each set of leaves. Based on the natural cycle, the importance of decomposition, and the described experiment, what conclusion can be drawn about the role of the fungi and bacteria observed in the decomposition of leaves in the forest?

You must have noticed that the materials we use in our daily lives can change when placed in different situations. For example, water can change its form when heated to make tea, or what happens to fruit when left out of the refrigerator for too long. Think of a material you know and explain how it could change if placed in four different situations: (1) exposed to strong sunlight, (2) placed in the freezer, (3) mixed with another material that reacts with it, and (4) cut into very small pieces. Write about the changes this material could undergo and what causes this change, explaining what happens at the particle level of the materials.