Goals
1. Understand what polymers are and their main characteristics.
2. Classify the different types of polymers and their applications.
3. Comprehend the processes involved in producing polymers.
4. Learn about common everyday polymers and their uses.
Contextualization
Polymers are a part of our everyday lives in ways we often overlook. From the plastic packaging we use for our food to the synthetic fibres in our clothing, these adaptable materials are essential to modern living. By learning what polymers are and how they’re produced, we can better understand their significance and application across fields, from industry to healthcare. For instance, rubber in car tyres and nylon in apparel are prime examples of polymers that are integral to our daily existence.
Subject Relevance
To Remember!
Definition of Polymers
Polymers are large molecules formed through repeated units called monomers, which link together through polymerization processes. These can be natural, like cellulose and DNA, or synthetic, like polyethylene and nylon.
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Polymers are made by repeating monomer units.
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They can be both natural and synthetic.
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They play significant roles in various everyday and industrial applications.
Classification of Polymers
Polymers can be classified in several ways, including their origin (natural vs synthetic), structure (linear, branched, or cross-linked), and their thermal properties (thermoplastics and thermosets).
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Natural vs synthetic polymers.
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Structures: linear, branched, or cross-linked.
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Thermal properties: thermoplastics (reversible with heat) and thermosets (irreversible with heat).
Processes of Polymer Production
Polymers are generated through polymerization processes, which can either be addition or condensation. Addition polymerization occurs when monomers join together without leaving byproducts, whereas condensation polymerization results in byproducts, including water.
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Addition polymerization: joining of monomers without byproducts.
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Condensation polymerization: leads to byproducts.
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These processes are crucial in the chemical industry.
Practical Applications
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Packaging Industry: Use of polymers like polyethylene for producing plastic packaging that keeps food fresh.
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Medicine: Utilisation of biocompatible polymers, such as polylactic acid, in sutures and medical implants.
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Construction: Application of polymers like PVC in pipes and coatings, providing durability and resistance.
Key Terms
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Polymers: Large molecules formed by repeating units of monomers.
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Monomers: Smaller units that bond together to form polymers.
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Polymerization: The process of linking monomers to create polymers.
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Thermoplastics: Polymers that can be reshaped with heat.
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Thermosets: Polymers that cannot be reshaped after curing.
Questions for Reflections
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How might the shift from conventional plastics to bioplastics affect the environment over time?
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What challenges does the industry face in making polymers more sustainable?
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How can innovations in polymers lead to advancements in medicine and technology?
Maker Challenge: Creating a Sustainable Bioplastic
To reinforce your understanding of polymers and investigate sustainable alternatives to traditional plastics, you’ll be tasked with creating a bioplastic using simple materials.
Instructions
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Gather your materials: corn starch, water, glycerin, vinegar, food colouring (optional), mixing bowls, spoons, and a heat source (like a portable stove or microwave).
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Mix 1 tablespoon of corn starch with 1 tablespoon of water in a bowl.
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Add 1 teaspoon of glycerin and 1 teaspoon of vinegar to the mixture.
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If you’d like, add a few drops of food colouring for a pop of colour.
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Heat the mixture on low, stirring continuously until it thickens into a gelatinous mass.
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Take it off the heat and pour the mixture into a mould or onto a flat surface to cool and solidify.
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Observe how the materials transform and jot down your thoughts on the process.
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Share your insights and results with your classmates, discussing any challenges faced and potential applications for your bioplastic.
