Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Sequences: Addition and Subtraction

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to establish a clear understanding of the objectives that the lesson aims to achieve. This prepares students for the content to be learned, guiding them on the specific skills that will be developed, such as identifying and analyzing numerical sequences created by successive addition or subtraction and recognizing patterns to find missing terms.

Main Objectives

1. Identify numerical sequences resulting from successive addition or subtraction.

2. Recognize patterns and regularities in the presented numerical sequences.

3. Find missing terms in numerical sequences using the logic of addition or subtraction.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to capture students' attention and contextualize the topic in an interesting way. This helps prepare students for the content that will be addressed, sparking curiosity and showing the practical relevance of numerical sequences in everyday life. As a result, students will be more engaged and motivated to learn.

Context

To start the lesson on numerical sequences, begin by explaining the concept of a sequence in an accessible way. Tell students that a sequence is a list of numbers that follow a specific rule. For example, when we are counting, we are creating a sequence: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on. Similarly, we can create sequences by adding or subtracting a fixed number at each step. This helps us predict what the next numbers in the sequence will be.

Curiosities

Did you know that numerical sequences are used in many aspects of our daily lives? For example, when we climb a ladder, we are following a sequence of steps. In addition, engineers use numerical sequences to design bridges and buildings, ensuring that each part is in the right place. Even board games, like Monopoly, use numerical sequences to determine how many spaces to advance!

Development

Duration: (50 - 55 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to deepen students' knowledge of numerical sequences, focusing on addition and subtraction. By addressing different types of sequences and presenting varied examples, students will develop the ability to recognize patterns and use rules to find missing terms. The proposed questions encourage practice and application of what has been taught, consolidating learning.

Covered Topics

1. Introduction to Numerical Sequences: Explain that a numerical sequence is a list of numbers arranged in a specific order, following a rule. Start with simple examples, such as the counting sequence: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc. 2. Addition Sequences: Detail how to create a numerical sequence by adding the same number to each term. For example, in the sequence 2, 4, 6, 8, each number is obtained by adding 2 to the previous one. Show various examples and ask students to identify the addition rule. 3. Subtraction Sequences: Describe how to form a numerical sequence by subtracting the same number from each term. For example, in the sequence 10, 8, 6, 4, each number is obtained by subtracting 2 from the previous one. Present other examples and ask students to identify the subtraction rule. 4. Identifying Patterns: Teach students to identify patterns in numerical sequences. Explain that recognizing the pattern helps predict the next terms in the sequence. Use varied examples and ask students to find the pattern. 5. Finding Missing Terms: Demonstrate how to use the sequence rule to find missing terms. Provide examples with hidden terms and guide students in solving them, showing how to apply addition or subtraction to fill in the gaps.

Classroom Questions

1. What is the next number in the sequence 5, 8, 11, 14, ...? Explain how you found your answer. 2. Complete the sequence: 20, 18, __, 14, 12. What is the rule of the sequence? 3. If the rule of the sequence is to add 3 to each number, what will be the fifth term if the first term is 7?

Questions Discussion

Duration: (20 - 25 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to consolidate students' learning through discussion and reflection on the resolved questions. This stage allows students to review and justify their answers, deepening their understanding of numerical sequences and the rules of addition and subtraction. Additionally, it promotes student engagement by inviting them to reflect on the content and apply it to practical everyday situations.

Discussion

•  Question 1: What is the next number in the sequence 5, 8, 11, 14, ...? Explain how you found your answer.

Explanation: In this sequence, each number is obtained by adding 3 to the previous one (5 + 3 = 8, 8 + 3 = 11, 11 + 3 = 14). Therefore, the next number will be 14 + 3 = 17.

•  Question 2: Complete the sequence: 20, 18, __, 14, 12. What is the rule of the sequence?

Explanation: The rule of this sequence is to subtract 2 from each number to obtain the next one (20 - 2 = 18, 18 - 2 = 16, 16 - 2 = 14). Therefore, the missing number is 16.

•  Question 3: If the rule of the sequence is to add 3 to each number, what will be the fifth term if the first term is 7?

Explanation: Starting with 7 and adding 3 at each step, we get the sequence: 7, 10, 13, 16, 19. Therefore, the fifth term is 19.

Student Engagement

1.  Reflection Question 1: How did you manage to identify the addition or subtraction rule in each of the sequences? What clues did you use? 2.  Reflection Question 2: Can you think of other everyday situations where we use numerical sequences? How would you apply the rules of addition and subtraction in those situations? 3.  Reflection Question 3: If the sequence started with a different number but followed the same rule, how would that change the subsequent terms? Try creating a new sequence with a rule you invented.

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate the main points addressed during the lesson, ensuring that students have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the content. Moreover, it reinforces the importance and practical application of the topic, helping students see the value of what they learned in their daily lives.

Summary

• A numerical sequence is a list of numbers arranged in a specific order, following a rule.
• Addition sequences are formed by adding the same number to each term of the sequence.
• Subtraction sequences are formed by subtracting the same number from each term of the sequence.
• Identifying patterns in numerical sequences helps predict the next terms.
• Finding missing terms in numerical sequences using the logic of addition or subtraction.

During the lesson, students learned the theory of numerical sequences and were able to apply it through practical examples and guided questions. This approach showed how sequences are formed and how to use the rules of addition and subtraction to identify patterns and find missing terms, connecting theoretical knowledge with its practical application.

Understanding numerical sequences is fundamental for various everyday and professional activities. For example, when climbing a ladder, designing structures, or even playing board games, we use numerical sequences. Knowing how to identify and work with these sequences makes it easier to understand and predict patterns, which is a valuable skill in many areas of life.