(Originais Teachy 2023) - Question Very Hard of Biology

Ecological succession is the gradual process of change in species composition that occurs in an ecosystem over time. This process can be altered by disturbances, such as forest fires, which can accelerate or restart the successional cycle. In a primary forest, succession can take hundreds of years until the community reaches a climax, where species are more stable and diversified. It is known that biodiversity reaches its peak in climax ecosystems. Based on this context, describe and discuss: 1) How is ecological succession affected by natural disturbances and how can these events alter the speed and pattern of succession in an ecosystem? 2) Explain the role of pioneer and climax species in ecological succession, and discuss why biodiversity is higher in advanced stages of succession. Use examples to illustrate the mentioned concepts.