Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding the idea of city and urban space: For this objective, the teacher should help students understand the basic definition of a city and what sets it apart from a rural area. They should be able to identify the main elements that make up a city and what characterizes an urban space.

2. Identifying different urban spaces: In this objective, students should learn to recognize and differentiate common urban spaces, such as parks, squares, streets and avenues, schools, hospitals, among others. They should be able to describe the functions and characteristics of each of these spaces.

3. Developing observation and description skills: During the lesson, students will be encouraged to carefully observe the different urban spaces and describe them clearly and accurately. This skill is essential for the study of Geography and also for the development of visual and textual literacy.

Secondary objectives:

• Encouraging critical thinking and curiosity: The teacher should encourage students to ask questions and express their opinions during the lesson. This will help develop their critical thinking skills and awaken their curiosity about the world around them.
• Promoting interaction and group collaboration: The teacher should organize group activities that allow students to discuss and share their observations and discoveries. This will help promote cooperation and mutual respect among students.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Recalling previous concepts: The teacher should start the lesson by briefly reviewing the concepts of city and countryside, recalling the basic characteristics of each. This review can be done through direct questions to the students and/or through images representing urban and rural scenarios.

2. Problem situations: To introduce the lesson topic, the teacher can propose two problem situations to the students. The first situation could be: 'Imagine that all green spaces, such as parks and squares, disappeared from the city. How do you think this would affect people's lives?'. The second situation could be: 'And if all the buildings in the city became hospitals, where would people live and what would life be like in the city?'. These problem situations serve to arouse students' curiosity and stimulate them to think about the importance and diversity of urban spaces.

3. Contextualization of the subject's importance: The teacher should explain to the students that understanding the different urban spaces is very important, as it helps to understand how cities function and how people live in them. In addition, knowing the different urban spaces can help students navigate better in the city and feel more familiar with the environment in which they live.

4. Capturing students' attention: To arouse students' interest in the subject, the teacher can present some curiosities about urban spaces. For example, they can mention that the first city in the world, Uruk, was founded around 4,000 B.C., in present-day Iraq, and already had many of the elements found in cities today, such as organized streets and tall buildings. Another curiosity is that the city of São Paulo, the largest in Brazil, has more than 1,000 squares and 5,000 parks, according to the city hall. These curiosities help show students that cities are very old places full of history, and that urban spaces are very varied and important for people's lives.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Presentation of Theory: The teacher should start the theoretical part of the lesson by explaining what a city is and how it differs from rural areas. They can use images and maps to illustrate the different aspects of cities, such as streets, buildings, squares, parks, schools, hospitals, supermarkets, etc. It should be emphasized that cities are places where many people live and work, and where there is a wide variety of spaces for different activities.

2. Identification of Urban Spaces: After the theoretical explanation, the teacher should focus on identifying urban spaces. For this, a map of the city can be used, drawn beforehand on the board or projected with the help of a projector. The teacher can then ask students to identify the different urban spaces on the map, such as streets, squares, parks, schools, hospitals, etc. This activity will allow students to visualize the different urban spaces better and how they relate to each other.

3. Description of Urban Spaces: Next, the teacher should propose that students describe the urban spaces they most identified on the map. For this, images of these spaces can be used, projected on the board or distributed to each group of students. The teacher should guide the students to carefully observe the images and describe what they see, what the space is like, what type of activities take place there, what kind of people frequent it, etc. This activity will help students develop their observation and description skills, as well as consolidate their knowledge of the different urban spaces.

4. Memory Game of Urban Spaces: To reinforce learning, the teacher can organize a memory game with cards representing different urban spaces. The cards can be drawn beforehand by the teacher or printed from images found on the internet. In groups, students should flip the cards and try to find the pairs that correspond to the same urban spaces. This game will help consolidate students' knowledge of the different urban spaces in a playful and fun way.

5. Group Discussion: After the game, the teacher should promote a group discussion, where each group of students should share their observations and learnings about urban spaces. The teacher should encourage students to express their opinions and ask questions to each other. This discussion will help promote interaction and collaboration among students, as well as stimulate critical thinking and curiosity.

6. Consolidation Activity: To conclude the practical part of the lesson, the teacher can propose a drawing activity, where students must draw a city, including different urban spaces. This activity will allow students to apply what they have learned in a creative and fun way.

At the end of the development, the teacher should summarize the main points discussed and reinforce the importance of different urban spaces for people's lives and the functioning of cities.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion: The teacher should gather all students in a large circle for a group discussion. Each group will have the opportunity to share what they learned during the activities. Each student can present an urban space they observed and described, and explain what they learned from the activity. The teacher should encourage the participation of all students, ensuring that each one has the opportunity to speak and be heard by their peers. The teacher should also take advantage of the discussion to clarify any doubts students may have.

2. Connection with Theory: After the presentations, the teacher should revisit the theoretical concepts presented at the beginning of the lesson and connect them with the students' observations and discoveries. For example, the teacher can ask: 'Who can explain again what a city is and what are the different urban spaces we find in it?'. The teacher should then reinforce the concepts, correct any misunderstandings, and ensure that students have understood the theory behind the practical activities.

3. Reflection on Learning: The teacher should propose that students reflect on what they learned in the lesson. For this, they can ask two simple questions:

   • 'What did you find most interesting or surprising about the urban spaces we studied today?'
   • 'How can you use what you learned today to better understand the city you live in?'

   Students should have a minute to think about their answers, and then they will be invited to share them with the class. The teacher should value all answers, reinforce the importance of learning, and stimulate students' curiosity.

4. Assessment of Learning: Finally, the teacher should assess students' learning. For this, they can ask two simple questions:

   • 'Who can tell me the names of three urban spaces found in cities and what happens in these spaces?'
   • 'Who can describe to me what the city we live in is like and what urban spaces we find in it?'

   These questions serve to verify if students were able to understand and retain the concepts presented in the lesson. The teacher should listen carefully to the answers and, if necessary, make corrections or clarifications.

At the end of the return, the teacher should congratulate the students for their effort and participation, reinforce the importance of studying Geography and urban spaces, and encourage students to continue exploring and learning about the world around them.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Summary of Concepts: The teacher should start the conclusion of the lesson by summarizing the main concepts covered. They should recall the definition of city and urban space, highlighting the differences between urban and rural spaces. Additionally, they should recap the different types of urban spaces that students studied, such as streets, squares, parks, schools, hospitals, among others, and their respective functions in the city. The teacher can use images or drawings on the board to illustrate these concepts and facilitate students' understanding.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice: The teacher should then emphasize how the lesson connected theory to practice. They can explain that the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson served as the basis for the practical activities, where students were able to observe and describe different urban spaces. The teacher can also mention how the problem situations, the memory game, and the group discussion allowed students to apply what they learned and deepen their understanding of the topic.

3. Extra Materials: To complement students' learning, the teacher can suggest some extra materials for study. This may include children's books about the city and urban space, documentaries or educational videos available on the internet, and even visits to city locations that represent different urban spaces, such as parks, museums, libraries, etc. The teacher should encourage students to explore these materials autonomously, at home or in the school library, and to share their discoveries in the next lesson.

4. Importance of the Subject: Finally, the teacher should reinforce the importance of studying urban spaces. They can explain that by understanding how the city is organized and what different spaces it comprises, students can become more aware and participative in the life of the community where they live. Additionally, knowledge about urban spaces is essential for daily life in the city, helping students navigate better and make the most of the resources and opportunities the city offers.

At the end of the conclusion, the teacher should congratulate the students for the work done and their participation in the lesson, and encourage them to continue learning and exploring the world around them. They should also reinforce that they are available to clarify any future doubts and that learning is a continuous and enjoyable process.