Lesson Plan | Lesson Plan Tradisional | Ethics and Will

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this segment of the lesson plan is to introduce students to the concepts of Ethics and Will, laying a solid groundwork for understanding ethics as a universal duty that is more significant than personal will. This part is crucial to prepare students for upcoming discussions and activities, making sure they grasp the core objectives of the lesson and the importance of the topic.

Objectives Utama:

1. Explain the significance of ethics as a universal human obligation.

2. Illustrate instances where ethics take precedence over individual desires in real-life scenarios.

3. Equip students with a clear comprehension of the connection between ethics and will.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this segment of the lesson plan is to present students with the topic of Ethics and Will, creating a strong base for understanding ethics as a responsibility that surpasses individual desires. This section is essential for gearing up students for further discussions and activities, ensuring they're tuned into the main goals of the lesson and the importance of the topic at hand.

Did you know?

Did you know that renowned philosophers like Immanuel Kant contended that ethics should be universal and absolute? Kant insisted we are to follow categorical imperatives, which are ethical guidelines that ought to apply to everyone in all scenarios. According to Kant, we should always act in ways that our actions could become a universal law.

Contextualization

To kick off the lesson on Ethics and Will, it's essential to establish a foundational understanding of the concepts. Ethics is a branch of philosophy concerned with identifying what is morally right or wrong. However, it encompasses more than just rules; it involves principles that direct our actions, often urging us to prioritize the community's welfare over our own desires. Will, in contrast, pertains to individual preferences and choices. The tension between ethics and will recurs in philosophical discussions, prompting us to consider how much we should set aside our personal interests for the greater good.

Concepts

Duration: (60 - 70 minutes)

The aim of this section of the lesson plan is to enhance students' grasp of the concepts of ethics and will, demonstrating that ethics should take precedence over personal interests. With thorough explanations, real-life examples, and reflective queries, students will be encouraged to think critically about the importance of acting ethically in their daily interactions.

Relevant Topics

1. Definition of Ethics: Outline that ethics is the branch of philosophy that concerns principles that dictate human behavior, distinguishing between what is morally right and wrong. Highlight that ethics isn't merely a set of norms but also involves the idea of duty and what is best for the common good.

2. Difference between Ethics and Morality: Clarify the difference between ethics (universal principles) and morality (the norms and customs of a community). Emphasize that ethics is broader and aims to discover the foundations of human actions, while morality is more context-specific and tied to the norms of a particular period or culture.

3. Concept of Will: Explain will as an individual’s ability to make choices and decisions, driven by personal desires and interests. Stress that will can sometimes clash with ethical principles, prompting us to reflect on how far we should follow our inclinations.

4. Immanuel Kant and the Categorical Imperative: Introduce Kant's perspective on ethics as an unconditional duty. Describe the categorical imperative, suggesting we should act in ways that our actions could be adopted as universal law. Provide practical examples to show how this concept is relevant in daily life.

5. Conflict between Ethics and Will: Discuss scenarios where personal desires might conflict with ethical standards. Use historical case studies or hypothetical situations to encourage students to ponder the importance of upholding ethics, even when it opposes their personal interests.

6. Ethics in Practice: Explore how to implement ethical principles in daily life scenarios, be it at school, in the workplace, or within personal relationships. Emphasize the significance of ethical choices for collective welfare and how they can have a positive ripple effect on society.

To Reinforce Learning

1. 1. In your own words, describe the difference between ethics and morality.

2. 2. Can you provide an example of a time when your personal will conflicted with ethical guidelines? How did you handle that situation?

3. 3. What does Kant mean by the categorical imperative, and how might you apply it in your everyday life?

Feedback

Duration: (15 - 20 minutes)

The intention of this segment of the lesson plan is to reflect upon and discuss students' responses to the questions posed in the Development section, encouraging thoughtful and reflective debates about the concepts of ethics and will. This part is vital for solidifying knowledge, giving students the opportunity to voice their thoughts, clarify doubts, and relate the discussed concepts to their own real-life experiences.

Diskusi Concepts

1. Question 1: In your own words, what sets ethics apart from morality? 2. Ethics is a philosophical field that explores universal principles guiding human behavior, helping to differentiate right from wrong. Conversely, morality is composed of the norms and customs particular to a society. Ethics seeks to understand the underlying principles of human actions, while morality is contextually bound to specific cultural customs. 3. Question 2: Share an example from your life when personal will was at odds with an ethical principle. How did you manage that conflict? 4. A common example is the struggle between telling the truth versus lying to protect someone. Consider a friend who made a mistake and asks you to deceive others to shield them. While your personal inclination may be to lie to support your friend, the ethical value of honesty calls for truthfulness. The resolution could involve discussing with your friend why honesty is essential and devising a solution that maintains integrity. 5. Question 3: According to Kant, explain the concept of the categorical imperative and suggest a practical instance from your daily life where this could be applicable. 6. Kant's categorical imperative proposes that our actions should be such that they'd be acceptable as a universal law. For instance, if you're tempted to cheat on a test, reflect on whether it would be right if all students were permitted to cheat. If the answer is negative, this indicates that cheating is ethically wrong.

Engaging Students

1. Do you concur with the definition of ethics provided? Why or why not? 2. Do you believe it's feasible for an ethical principle to hold true across all cultures and time periods? Share an example. 3. Have you faced a situation where your personal will conflicted with ethical principles? How did you deal with it? 4. In your opinion, how do ethical decisions impact collective welfare? 5. Kant advocated that ethics should be universally applicable and unconditional. Would you agree with this notion? Why?

Conclusion

Duration: (5 - 10 minutes)

The objective of this section of the lesson plan is to review and solidify the key ideas that were covered, ensuring that students appreciate the importance of ethics as an obligation that goes beyond personal will. This part aims to conclude the lesson clearly and definitively, reinforcing the link between theory and practice while emphasizing the significance of the subject in students' everyday lives.

Summary

['Ethics is a philosophical branch that examines the principles governing human behavior, distinguishing between what is considered morally right or wrong.', 'Ethics encompasses the idea of duty and the common good, while morality is linked to the customs of a specific community.', "Will refers to an individual's capacity to choose and make decisions based on personal desires and interests, which can sometimes conflict with ethical principles.", 'Kant posited that ethics must be unconditional and universal, introducing the idea of the categorical imperative.', 'The tension between ethics and will is a recurring theme, often demanding sacrifices of personal interests for the sake of the community.', 'Applying ethical principles in our everyday lives is crucial for collective welfare and creates a positive impact on society.']

Connection

The lesson effectively bridged theory with practice by demonstrating how ethical principles should and must be applied in daily scenarios, from school to work and personal interactions. Concrete examples and thought-provoking questions illustrated how ethics should take rank over personal desires and how we ought to live by universal principles as articulated by Immanuel Kant.

Theme Relevance

The significance of the topics discussed lies in the fact that ethical choices directly affect the well-being of society and social cohesion. Grasping the distinction between ethics and personal desire equips students to make more informed and responsible decisions, contributing to a more just and fair environment. Fascinating insights, such as Kant's perspectives on the categorical imperative, showcase the practical relevance of adhering to ethical principles throughout various life circumstances.