Objectives (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Understand Medieval Byzantine Art as a reflection of the religiosity and power of the Byzantine Empire. Students should be able to identify the main elements and characteristics of Byzantine art, such as iconography, mosaics, and hieratic representation.

2. Develop skills in analyzing and interpreting Byzantine artworks. Students should be able to describe and interpret Byzantine artworks, identifying the symbolism, message, and social function of these works.

3. Establish connections between Medieval Byzantine Art and other artistic and cultural expressions of its time. Students should be able to compare Byzantine art with other contemporary art forms, such as Romanesque art and Islamic art, identifying similarities and differences.

Secondary Objectives:

• Foster students' curiosity and interest in history and medieval art.

• Encourage active participation of students in the proposed activities, promoting discussion and exchange of ideas.

• Develop students' research and group work skills through a practical research activity on Byzantine art.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of previous contents: The teacher should start the lesson by reminding students of the basic concepts of medieval art, such as sacred art, the influence of religion on art, and the main characteristics of medieval art. This can be done through a quick oral or visual review, using images of medieval artworks as reference.

2. Problem situations: Next, the teacher can present two situations that will stimulate students' thinking and prepare them for the new content:

   • Situation 1: "Have you ever seen churches with colorful mosaics and sacred figures represented in an imposing manner? Why do you think medieval artists chose to represent religious art in this way?"

   • Situation 2: "How do you think art can reflect the power and religiosity of a society? Think of examples of art you know and how they can represent these aspects."

3. Contextualization: The teacher should then contextualize the importance of Byzantine art in the historical scenario, highlighting the role of the Byzantine Empire as one of the greatest empires of late antiquity and the Middle Ages. He can mention how Byzantine art was influenced by the culture and religion of the empire, and how it influenced other art forms around the world.

4. Engaging students' attention: To arouse students' interest, the teacher can share some curiosities about Byzantine art, such as the fact that it was known for its richness and sumptuousness, using precious materials like gold and semiprecious stones in its works. Another interesting curiosity is that Byzantine art was one of the first to use gold as a decorative element, symbolizing divine presence.

5. Introduction of the topic: Finally, the teacher should introduce the topic of the lesson - Medieval Byzantine Art - and explain that during the lesson students will explore more deeply this artistic style, its characteristics, influences, and importance.

Note: The teacher should encourage students to ask questions and express their opinions during the Introduction, thus promoting a collaborative and participative learning environment.

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Byzantine Artwork Analysis Activity (10 - 12 minutes)

   • The teacher should divide the class into groups of 4-5 students and provide each group with an image of a Byzantine artwork. The images should be varied, including mosaics, icons, and mural paintings.

   • Students, in their respective groups, should analyze the assigned artwork, observing details such as colors, use of gold, representations of religious figures, among others.

   • Each group should prepare a brief presentation to share their observations with the class. They should identify the characteristic elements of Byzantine art present in the artwork, interpret the symbolism, and discuss the possible social function of the artwork.

   • After the presentations, the teacher should mediate a collective discussion, comparing the observations of the different groups and expanding the analysis of the artworks.

2. Creation of Byzantine Mosaics Activity (10 - 12 minutes)

   • Still in their groups, students should create their own Byzantine mosaics. For this, the teacher should provide colored cardboards, scissors, glue, and gold ink markers.

   • Before starting the activity, the teacher should briefly explain the process of creating Byzantine mosaics, highlighting the importance of using strong and contrasting colors and gold.

   • Each group should choose a theme for their mosaic, which can be religious or secular, and draw the mosaic's outline on the cardboard. Then, they should cut out small pieces of colored cardboard and glue them on the drawing, creating a mosaic effect.

   • Finally, students should use the gold ink markers to add details and outlines to their mosaic.

   • When the mosaics are ready, the groups should present them to the class, explaining the chosen theme and the elements of Byzantine art they used in their mosaic.

   • The teacher should emphasize that the activity is not just an artistic activity, but also an opportunity for students to apply what they have learned about Byzantine art, experimenting with their own hands the creative process of this artistic style.

3. Research Activity (5 - 8 minutes)

   • To conclude the Development stage, the teacher should propose a group research activity. Each group should choose an aspect of Byzantine art that sparked their interest during the lesson and research more about it.

   • Students should use resources available in the classroom, such as books, encyclopedias, and the internet (if there is internet access at school). The teacher should guide students in the research, encouraging them to seek detailed and reliable information.

   • At the end of the activity, each group should prepare a brief presentation to share what they have learned with the rest of the class. The teacher should ensure that all presentations are respectful and inclusive, promoting a collaborative and respectful learning environment.

Note: During all activities, the teacher should circulate around the classroom, assisting groups as needed, and ensuring that all students are engaged and understanding the content.

Return (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Group Discussion (5 - 7 minutes)

   • The teacher should gather all students in a large circle and promote a group discussion. Each group should briefly share the main discoveries or conclusions they reached during the artwork analysis and mosaic creation activities.

   • The teacher should encourage students to explain their choices of colors, shapes, and themes in their mosaics, and to make connections with the Byzantine art they studied. Additionally, students should have the opportunity to ask each other questions and express their opinions.

   • During the discussion, the teacher should ensure that all students have the chance to speak and be heard. He should value students' contributions, even if they differ from expectations or traditional interpretations of Byzantine art.

2. Connection with Theory (2 - 3 minutes)

   • After the group discussion, the teacher should provide a brief recap, connecting students' findings with the theory presented at the beginning of the lesson. He should recall the main elements of Byzantine art and discuss how they were applied by the teams in their creations.

   • The teacher should also reinforce the main lessons learned during the lesson, such as the importance of religion and power in Byzantine art, and how art can be used to express ideas and emotions, as well as document history.

3. Individual Reflection (3 - 5 minutes)

   • To conclude the lesson, the teacher should propose a moment of individual reflection. He should ask open-ended questions to students, such as: "What was the most important concept you learned today?" and "What questions have not been answered yet?".

   • Students should have a minute to think about their answers, and then the teacher can ask some volunteers to share their reflections with the class. The goal of this activity is to encourage students to reflect on what they have learned and to identify any gaps in their understanding, which can be addressed in future lessons.

   • The teacher should value all answers and encourage students to continue reflecting on what they have learned after the lesson.

Note: During the Return, the teacher should pay attention to students' retention of information and understanding of the content. He should be prepared to revisit topics or concepts that may have been misunderstood, and to adjust the pace of the lesson according to the class's needs.

Conclusion (5 - 10 minutes)

1. Summary of Contents (2 - 3 minutes)

   • The teacher should start the Conclusion by summarizing the main contents covered during the lesson. He can give a brief review of the characteristic elements of Byzantine art, such as iconography, the use of mosaics, and hieratic representation, as well as the connection of these elements with the religion and power of the Byzantine Empire.

   • Next, the teacher should recall the practical activities carried out by students, highlighting the main discoveries and observations made by the groups during the artwork analysis and mosaic creation.

2. Connection Between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes)

   • The teacher should emphasize how the lesson connected theory, practice, and reflection. He can explain how the analysis of artworks and the creation of mosaics allowed students to apply and deepen their knowledge of Byzantine art, and how the discussion and reflection led to a deeper understanding of the topic.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes)

   • To complement students' learning, the teacher should suggest some extra materials for study. This may include books, documentaries, art websites, and virtual museums that feature collections of Byzantine art. The teacher should encourage students to explore these resources, deepening their knowledge and interest in Byzantine art.

4. Importance of the Subject in Everyday Life (1 - 2 minutes)

   • To conclude, the teacher should explain the importance of Byzantine art in the current context. He can mention how Byzantine art influenced European art and architecture, and how its elements and techniques are still used and appreciated today.

   • Additionally, the teacher can highlight how the study of Byzantine art can help students develop important skills, such as analytical and interpretative abilities, creativity, and appreciation of cultural diversity.

Note: The Conclusion is a crucial moment to consolidate students' learning and prepare them for the next lesson. The teacher should ensure that all key points have been addressed and that students have understood the content. Furthermore, the teacher should encourage students to continue exploring the topic on their own, thus promoting autonomous learning and intellectual curiosity.