Lesson Plan | Traditional Methodology | Inorganic Functions: Nomenclature of Acids

Objectives

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to introduce students to the topic of inorganic acid nomenclature, clearly establishing what will be learned and the skills that will be developed throughout the lesson. This helps to focus students' attention on the main objectives, ensuring that they understand the importance and practical application of the concepts that will be taught.

Main Objectives

1. Name acids according to IUPAC nomenclature.

2. Solve problems involving the naming of acids.

Introduction

Duration: 10 to 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to introduce students to the topic of inorganic acid nomenclature, clearly establishing what will be learned and the skills that will be developed throughout the lesson. This helps to focus students' attention on the main objectives, ensuring that they understand the importance and practical application of the concepts that will be taught.

Context

To start the lesson on inorganic acid nomenclature, it is essential to place students in the context of Inorganic Chemistry. Explain that acids are one of the main inorganic functions, alongside bases, salts, and oxides. Emphasize that understanding acid nomenclature is fundamental for scientific communication, as it allows for standardized identification and classification of chemical substances. This knowledge is applied in various fields, such as in the chemical industry, biology, medicine, and many other sciences.

Curiosities

Did you know that hydrochloric acid (HCl), which is commonly found in our stomachs, is also used in cleaning metal surfaces and in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)? Understanding acid nomenclature helps identify their applications and better understand the world around us.

Development

Covered Topics

1. Definition of Acids: Explain that acids are substances that, in aqueous solution, release H+ ions. They are characterized by their sour taste and ability to react with bases to form salts and water. 2. Classification of Acids: Address the division between hydracids and oxyacids, highlighting the presence or absence of oxygen in their composition. 3. Nomenclature of Hydracids: Detail the nomenclature rule for hydracids, which is formed by the prefix 'acid' followed by the name of the anion ending in 'hydric'. Example: HCl is hydrochloric acid. 4. Nomenclature of Oxyacids: Explain the nomenclature of oxyacids, which depends on the number of oxygens and the central element. Use the ending 'ic' for acids with the highest number of oxygens and 'ous' for those with the lowest. Example: H2SO4 is sulfuric acid and H2SO3 is sulfurous acid.

Questions Discussion

Duration: 20 - 25 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to ensure that students consolidate the knowledge acquired throughout the lesson, checking the correctness of answers and promoting a discussion that clarifies any doubts. By engaging students in reflective questions, this stage stimulates critical thinking and the ability to explain concepts, reinforcing the understanding of acid nomenclature principles.

Discussion

• 離 Explanation of Question 1: Name the acid HBr following the IUPAC nomenclature.

• The acid HBr is a hydracid, as it does not contain oxygen in its composition. The nomenclature of hydracids follows the rule of using the prefix 'acid' followed by the name of the anion ending in 'hydric'. Thus, HBr is called hydrobromic acid.

• 離 Explanation of Question 2: What is the name of the acid H2CO3?

• The acid H2CO3 is an oxyacid, as it contains oxygen in its composition. The nomenclature of oxyacids depends on the central element and the number of oxygens. In the case of H2CO3, the central element is carbon. Since this is the only commonly studied oxyacid of carbon, it receives the ending 'ic'. Therefore, H2CO3 is carbonic acid.

• 離 Explanation of Question 3: Give the name of the acid HClO4, considering its classification and nomenclature.

• The acid HClO4 is an oxyacid, with chlorine as the central element. The nomenclature of chlorine oxyacids varies according to the number of oxygens: 'hypochlorous' (1 oxygen), 'chlorous' (2 oxygens), 'chloric' (3 oxygens), and 'perchloric' (4 oxygens). Since HClO4 has 4 oxygens, it is called perchloric acid.

Student Engagement

1. 樂 Reflection Question: What would the name of the acid HI be, following the IUPAC nomenclature? 2. 樂 Reflection Question: How would you name the acid H2SO3? Explain your answer. 3. 樂 Reflection Question: If you had to explain to a colleague how to name the acid HBrO3, what steps would you follow? 4. 樂 Reflection Question: Considering the nomenclature of oxyacids, how would you differentiate HNO2 from HNO3?

Conclusion

Duration: 10 - 15 minutes

The purpose of this stage is to review and consolidate the main content presented during the lesson, ensuring that students have a clear and summarized view of what has been learned. This stage also reinforces the connection between theory and practice, in addition to highlighting the relevance of the acquired knowledge for everyday life and future academic and professional applications.

Summary

• Definition of acids as substances that release H+ ions in aqueous solution.
• Classification of acids into hydracids and oxyacids.
• Nomenclature of hydracids: prefix 'acid' + name of the anion ending in 'hydric' (e.g., HCl is hydrochloric acid).
• Nomenclature of oxyacids: ending 'ic' for higher number of oxygens and 'ous' for lower (e.g., H2SO4 is sulfuric acid and H2SO3 is sulfurous acid).
• Practical examples and exercises for naming acids to reinforce the content.

The lesson connected theory with practice by providing detailed explanations of acid nomenclature and then applying this knowledge in practical examples and exercises. This allowed students to see how theoretical concepts are used to correctly name acids, facilitating the understanding and practical application of the IUPAC nomenclature rules.

Understanding acid nomenclature is crucial for various everyday applications, such as in the medical field, where it is important to know the acids present in the human body, and in the chemical industry, which uses acids in manufacturing and cleaning processes. Furthermore, correct nomenclature is essential for scientific communication, allowing professionals to identify and classify substances in a standardized manner.