Lesson Plan | Technical Methodology | Organic Reactions: Organic Reaction Problems

Objectives

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to provide students with a clear understanding of learning objectives, highlighting the importance of recognizing products and reagents, synthesis routes, and catalysts in organic reactions. Moreover, this initial moment prepares students to solve practical problems, connecting theoretical concepts to the practical aspects of the job market. The development of these skills is crucial to forming qualified professionals ready to face the challenges of the chemical sector.

Main Objectives

1. Recognize products and reagents of an organic reaction.

2. Identify synthesis routes and catalysts in organic reactions.

3. Solve practical problems involving organic reactions.

Side Objectives

1. Develop critical analysis and problem-solving skills.
2. Apply theoretical knowledge in practical contexts and the job market.

Introduction

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to introduce students to the topic of organic reactions, highlighting its practical importance and relevance in the job market. The contextualization and curiosities aim to spark student interest, while the initial activity serves to engage them and prepare them for the concepts that will be discussed throughout the lesson.

Contextualization

Organic reactions are the basis for synthesizing many products we use daily, from medications to plastics. Understanding how these reactions occur and how they can be manipulated is essential for innovation in the chemical industry. For example, the production of new drugs directly depends on detailed knowledge of organic reactions.

Curiosities and Market Connection

Curiosity: Aspirin, one of the most common medications, is produced from a simple chemical reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. Market Connection: In the petrochemical industry, polymerization reactions are fundamental to the production of plastics and other synthetic materials. Professionals who master these reactions are essential for innovation and efficiency in the sector.

Initial Activity

Activity: Design a short video (2-3 minutes) showing an organic reaction in an industrial laboratory and ask the students: How do you think the knowledge of these reactions can impact the development of new products in the market?

Development

Duration: (55 - 60 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to consolidate students' knowledge of organic reactions through practical and challenging activities. Planning the synthetic route encourages the application of theoretical concepts in a collaborative context, while the fixation exercises help reinforce and assess individual students' understanding of the topics covered.

Covered Topics

1. Classification of organic reactions: addition, elimination, substitution, and rearrangement.
2. Identification of reagents and products in specific organic reactions.
3. Synthesis routes: how to plan and optimize a synthetic route.
4. Role of catalysts in organic reactions and examples of common catalysts.

Reflections on the Theme

Guide students to reflect on the importance of organic reactions in daily life and industry. Ask how the knowledge of these reactions can influence the ability to develop new products and more efficient processes. Encourage discussion on the interconnection between the theory learned in class and its practical application in industrial and research environments.

Mini Challenge

Practical Challenge: Planning a Synthetic Route

Students will be divided into groups and must plan a synthetic route for producing a specific organic compound, using the concepts discussed in the lesson. They will need to identify the reagents, intermediates, catalysts, and necessary reaction conditions.

Instructions

1. Divide the class into groups of 4 to 5 students.
2. Assign each group a target organic compound (e.g., acetaminophen, ethanol, etc.).
3. Provide supporting materials, such as tables of organic reactions, lists of common catalysts, and examples of synthetic routes.
4. Guide the groups to discuss and plan the synthetic route, considering starting reagents, intermediates, and final products.
5. Ask the groups to present their synthetic routes to the class, explaining their choices and justifying the use of certain reagents and catalysts.
6. Encourage an open discussion about the different approaches and possible improvements to the presented routes.

Objective: Develop the skill to plan and optimize synthetic routes, applying theoretical knowledge in a practical and collaborative context.

Duration: (30 - 40 minutes)

Evaluation Exercises

1. Identify the products and reagents in the following organic reactions:
2. Addition reaction of HBr to propene.
3. Substitution reaction of chlorine by the hydroxyl group in chloroethane.
4. Explain the role of a catalyst in the following esterification reaction: acetic acid + ethanol ⇌ ethyl acetate + water.
5. Plan a synthetic route for producing acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) from salicylic acid. Indicate the necessary reagents, intermediates, and catalysts.

Conclusion

Duration: (10 - 15 minutes)

The purpose of this stage of the lesson plan is to consolidate students' learning, providing a moment for reflection on the studied concepts and their practical applications. By recapping the contents, promoting discussions, and connecting theory with practice, this stage aims to reinforce students' understanding and highlight the relevance of organic reactions in the job market and daily life.

Discussion

Promote an open discussion on the concepts addressed in the lesson, encouraging students to reflect on what they learned and how they applied this knowledge in the challenges and practical exercises. Ask students how they see the application of these organic reactions in the job market and daily life. Encourage them to share their difficulties and discoveries during the practical activities, discussing possible solutions and alternative approaches.

Summary

Summarize and recap the main contents presented in the lesson, highlighting the classification of organic reactions, the identification of reagents and products, the importance of synthesis routes, and the role of catalysts. Reinforce how these concepts are interconnected and essential for understanding organic reactions.

Closing

Explain how the lesson connected theory, practice, and applications in the job market. Emphasize the importance of mastering organic reactions for innovation and the development of new products in the chemical industry. Briefly describe the relevance of the subject to everyday life, mentioning concrete examples such as the production of medicines and synthetic materials.