Objectives (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Understanding the Concept of Literature: The teacher must ensure that, by the end of the lesson, students have a clear understanding of what literature is. This includes becoming familiar with the term, being able to define it, and understanding its importance and relevance in society.

2. Development of Critical Reading Skills: In addition to understanding the concept of literature, students should acquire the ability to read critically. This involves the ability to analyze and interpret literary texts, identify themes and messages, and form informed opinions.

3. Exploration of Different Literary Genres: Still within the study of literature, students should be able to recognize and differentiate between the main literary genres, including prose, poetry, drama, and fiction. This will allow them to broaden their reading experiences and understanding.

   Secondary Objectives:

   • Encouraging a love for reading: In addition to acquiring critical reading skills, it is important for students to develop a love for reading. The teacher should seek to spark students' interest in different literary genres by presenting them in an engaging and meaningful way.

   • Stimulating oral and written expression: Through classroom discussions and practical activities, students should be encouraged to express their opinions and thoughts clearly and coherently.

Introduction (10 - 15 minutes)

1. Review of Previous Content: The teacher should start the lesson by reminding students of the importance of studying the Portuguese language and its relationship with literature. It is essential for students to understand that literature is one of the richest and most complex forms of language expression, and therefore delving into its study implies a deeper and broader understanding of the Portuguese language. (3 - 5 minutes)

2. Problem-Solving Scenarios: The teacher can present students with two problem-solving scenarios that challenge them to think about the importance of literature and critical reading skills. For example:

   • Scenario 1: 'Imagine a world where no one is able to interpret literature. How would this world be different from ours? What knowledge and experiences would we lose?'

   • Scenario 2: 'Think of a book you recently read. How did the ability to read critically affect your reading experience? What were you able to perceive or understand that you wouldn't have if you had read the book passively?' (2 - 3 minutes)

3. Contextualization: The teacher should explain to students that, although literature is often seen as something distant and irrelevant to their daily lives, it is actually deeply rooted in our culture and society. Literature helps us understand ourselves and the world around us, allowing us to explore ideas and emotions in ways that other means of communication cannot. (2 - 3 minutes)

4. Introduction to the Topic: The teacher should then introduce the topic of the lesson, explaining that they will be starting their studies on literature, with a special focus on reading experiences. To stimulate students' interest, the teacher can share some curiosities about literature or tell a brief story about the origin of a specific literary genre. (2 - 3 minutes)

Development (20 - 25 minutes)

1. Definition and Characteristics of Literature (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher should begin developing the lesson content by explaining what literature is. For this, they should present a formal definition of the term, such as: 'Literature is the art that uses written or spoken word as a means of expression. It is a portrait of society, reflects human thought and emotions, and its main objective is aesthetics, that is, the aesthetic pleasure that the reader or listener feels when appreciating it.'

   Next, the teacher should highlight some characteristics of literature, such as the presence of a narrative structure (although in some genres this structure may be more or less evident), the use of literary devices (such as metaphors, metonymies, alliterations, among others), and the existence of an author who creates the literary work.

2. Importance of Literature (5 - 7 minutes): The teacher should then explain why the study of literature is important. They can emphasize that literature helps us better understand ourselves and the world around us, that it allows us to explore ideas and emotions in unique ways, and that it contributes to our intellectual and emotional development.

   To reinforce this point, the teacher can cite examples of how literature has influenced society throughout history, such as the role of books in spreading ideas during the French Revolution, or the importance of literature in the fight against apartheid in South Africa.

3. Critical Reading Skills (5 - 7 minutes): Next, the teacher should explain what critical reading skills are and why they are important. They should emphasize that critical reading allows us to go beyond the surface of the text, helps us understand the author's intentions, identify and analyze themes and messages, and form our own informed opinions.

   The teacher can then present some strategies to develop critical reading skills, such as asking questions during reading, taking notes on observations and ideas, and discussing the text with others.

4. Different Literary Genres (5 - 7 minutes): Finally, the teacher should introduce the different literary genres. They can start by explaining that there are four main literary genres: prose (which includes novels, short stories, chronicles, among others), poetry, drama (which includes plays), and fiction (which includes novels, short stories, and chronicles).

   The teacher should then briefly describe each of these genres, explaining their main characteristics and differences. To make this part of the lesson more interactive, the teacher can ask students to think of examples of each genre and share them with the class.

By the end of this Development, students should have a clear understanding of what literature is, why it is important, what critical reading skills are, and what the main literary genres are.

Return (10 - 12 minutes)

1. Concept Review (3 - 4 minutes): The teacher should start the Return stage by reviewing the main concepts covered during the lesson. They should ask students what they understood by literature, what its characteristics are, why it is important, what critical reading skills are and how they can be developed, and what the main literary genres are. The teacher should encourage students to express their ideas freely and help them correct any misunderstandings.

2. Connection to Practice (3 - 4 minutes): Next, the teacher should help students make connections between the theoretical concepts learned and the practice of reading. For this, they can propose some questions, such as:

   • 'How can critical reading help us better understand a literary text?'
   • 'How can knowledge of different literary genres influence our reading experience?'
   • 'How can understanding the concept of literature help us appreciate literary art more?'

   The teacher should encourage students to think critically about these questions and apply what they have learned in their own reading experiences.

3. Individual Reflection (2 - 3 minutes): Finally, the teacher should suggest that students reflect individually on what they learned during the lesson. They can give them a minute to think silently and then ask them to share their reflections. Some examples of questions the teacher can ask are:

   • 'What was the most important concept you learned today?'
   • 'What questions have not been answered yet?'

   The teacher should listen carefully to students' answers and, if appropriate, clarify any doubts they may have.

4. Feedback and Closure (1 minute): To end the lesson, the teacher should thank the students for their participation and effort. They can also ask if they have any feedback on the lesson or if there are any suggestions on how the lesson could be improved. The teacher should encourage students to be honest and express their opinions respectfully. The teacher should then inform students about what will be covered in the next lesson and wish them a good day.

By the end of this Return stage, students should have a solid understanding of the concepts learned during the lesson, and should be able to make connections between these concepts and the practice of reading. Additionally, they should have had the opportunity to reflect on what they learned and express any doubts or concerns they may have.

Conclusion (5 - 7 minutes)

1. Lesson Summary (2 - 3 minutes): The teacher should start the Conclusion of the lesson by giving a brief summary of the main points that were covered. They can remind students of the definition of literature, its characteristics, the importance of studying literature, critical reading, and the different literary genres. This recap will help reinforce key concepts in students' minds and ensure that they leave the lesson with a clear and comprehensive understanding of the topic.

2. Connection between Theory and Practice (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should then explain how the lesson connected theory, that is, the concepts and principles of literature, with practice, that is, critical reading skills and the appreciation of different literary genres. The teacher can highlight the practical activities that were carried out during the lesson, such as group discussions and analysis of literary texts, and how they helped students apply and deepen what they learned.

3. Extra Materials (1 - 2 minutes): The teacher should then suggest some extra materials that students can use to expand their knowledge on the topic. This may include books, articles, websites, videos, or podcasts about literature. For example, the teacher can recommend some literary classics in different genres, or indicate a website that offers a variety of literary texts for reading and analysis.

4. Relevance of the Topic (1 minute): Finally, the teacher should emphasize the relevance of the topic to students' lives. They can explain that, although literature may seem distant and irrelevant to some, it is actually deeply rooted in our culture and society. Through literature, we can better understand ourselves and the world around us, and we can explore ideas and emotions in unique ways. Additionally, the critical reading skills that students are developing will be useful not only in school, but also in their personal and professional lives.

By the end of this Conclusion, students should have a clear understanding of what they learned during the lesson, how theory and practice connect, where they can find more information on the topic, and why the topic is relevant to them. This Conclusion will help reinforce students' learning and motivate them to continue exploring the wonderful world of literature.